أداب - دكتوراه
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Item العلاقات السودانية - الحبشية ((1881-1898م))(سيد أحمد علي عثمان العقيد, 1991) سيد أحمد علي عثمان العقيدItem العلاقات السودانية - الحبشية ((1881-1898م))(سيد أحمد علي عثمان العقيد, 1991) سيد أحمد علي عثمان العقيدItem فكرة التكليف الالهي في العقيدة الاسلامية(الشفيع الماحي أحمد, 1987) الشفيع الماحي أحمدItem الضغوط النفسية عند ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة سمعيا وبصريا من المدمجين وغير المدمجين(جامعة النيلين, 2004) حيدر أبراهيم محمد العطارPsychological stress with its varieties leaves deep influence on the lives of individuals in general and on the lives of special needs people and their families in particular. The problem of the research arises from the fact that the psychological stress of the special needs together with its various scopes has not been studied enough, Moreover, the process of mainstreaming the special needs with normal, as a primary solution, is still a matter for discussion and argumentation and nobody sure that it may decrease their suffering. Furthermore, the experiment of mainstreaming special needs with normal people is a new experiment in Republic of Yemen . Its results are unknown till now and needs further research to a certain its effectiveness. Our knowledge of psychological stress in mainstreaming and un mainstreaming hearing and visual special needs will help us devising suitable solutions and correct advising strategies to mitigate their suffering. The significance of this research is that it lies in new researches in the field of psychological stress in hearing and visual special needs in Yemen. It also studies the effect of special needs on their parents and the source of psychological stress. To provide local scores for special needs in Yemen, the study sets the objective of measuring scores for psychological stress, which are made up on the basis of the traditional method and Braille method for the blind, to bridge the gap in providing local measures for this group in society. This research aims at testing the following hypotheses: l. There is no statistically significant difference between the psychological stress averages in the visually and hearing special needs and the hypothetical averages of the scale. 2. There is no statistically significant difference in the average of the psychological stress of special needs in relation to sex both males and females. 3. There are no ‘statistically significant differences in the averages of the psychological stress of special needs in relation to ages: 6-12, 13-l9, 20- 26 years old. o ‘ i 4. There is no statistically significant difference in the averages of the psychological stress of special needs in relation to the type of the impairment (hearing or visual). 5. There is no statistically significant difference in the averages of the psychological stress of special needs in relation to mainstreaming special needs and un mainstreaming special needs . 6. There are no statistically significant differences in the averages of the psychological stress according to the interaction among the variables of the research the (sex; males and females, age; 6-12, 13-19, 20-26); the type of the impairment, visual and hearing; and mainstreaming special needs and un mainstreaming special needs . To test these hypotheses has been devised in three forms, the first is for the hearing special needs , the second is for the visual special needs according to Braille way for blinds and the third is relevant to the special needs parents aged 6-12 years in order to answer the items of the scale on the behalf of their children who are unable to read. It has been made sure that the items of the scale are suitable by presenting them to some experts to cheek them. Then the three forms have been applied to a sample for analytical purposes by using two extreme sets style 27% for the highest and 27% for the lowest to achieve discrimination. Then, the validity has been measured in two ways: face validity and construct validity. Reliability has been measured by using Spilt-half methods (Sperman-Brown) and it ranged 92%; and by using intemal consistency method (Alpha-Gronbach) and it ranged 95%. Consequently, the measuring normative error is explored. After these procedures, the scale in its final form consisting of 54 items has been ready to apply to basic research sample, which is selected on the basis of equal random grouping style. This sample consists of 336 visually and hearing special needs ranging between (6-l2),(l3-l9)and(20-26) years old. The sample also includes mainstreamed and un mainstreamed in Yemeni main cities (Sana’a, Taiz, and Ibb). . The date for analysis is subjected for statistical analysis by using ANOVA style and T-tests style. The Following Conclusions have been reached: l. There is statistically significant difference between the psychological stress averages in the visually and hearing special needs and the hypothetical average of the scale at (0.05) level of significance. The psychologicalstress suffered by hearing and visual special needs is higher than the hypothetical average of the scale. 2. There is no statistically significant difference between the psychological stress averages in the special needs in respect of sex (males and females) at (0.05) level of significance. 3. There are no statistically significant differences among the psychological stress averages in the special needs in respect of age (6- 12), (13-19)and(20-26) years old at (0.05) level of significance. 4. There is statistically significant difference between the psychological stress averages in the special needs in respect of the type of the impainnent (visual, hearing) at (0.05) level of significance since the psychological stress in the visually special needs was higher than that of hearing special needs . 5. There is a statistically significant difference between the psychological stress averages in the special needs in relation to the mainstreaming variable at (0.05) level of significance. The psychological stress in the mainstreaming special needs was higher than the un mainstreaming special needs . 6. There are statistically significant differences among the psychological stress averages in the special needs in relation to the interaction among the basic research variables (Sex x type of the impairment); (age x type of the impairment); (age x mainstreaming process); (sex x type of the impairment x mainstreaming process); and (age x type of the impairment x mainstreaming process) at (0.05) level of significance. i. The psychological stress in males and females visually special needs were higher than those of males and females hearing special needs . ii. The psychological stress of the visually special needs aged between (6-12) years old were higher than those of the hearing special needs and the psychological stress of the hearing special needs aged between (13- 19) and between (20-26) were higher than those of the visually special needs . iii. The psychological stress in the mainstreaming special needs aged between (6-12) years old were higher than those of the un mainstreaming special needs and the psychological stress of the un mainstreaming special needs aged between (13-19) and between (20-26) was higher than those of mainstreaming special needs . D ' iv. The psychological stresses of the male mainstreaming visually special needs was higher than those of the hearing special needs , the female mainstreaming hearings special needs are higher than those of the visually special needs are, the hearing males un mainstreaming special needs is higher than those of the visually special needs .and the visually female un mainstreaming special needs are higher than those of the hearing special needs . v. The psychological stress in the visually mainstreaming special needs aged between (6-12) years old was higher than that of the hearing mainstreaming special needs . The hearing mainstreaming special needs aged between (13-19) and between (20-26) years old was higher than the visually special needs . Moreover, the psychological stress in the visually un mainstreaming special needs aged between (6-12), (13-19) and (20- 26) was higher than that of the hearing un mainstreaming special needs . vi. There were no statistically significance differences among the psychological stress averages in the special needs in relation to the interaction among the variables. (Sex x age), (sex x mainstreaming), (type of impairment mainstreaming), and (sex x age x type x mainstreaming) at the (0.05) level of significance. In lights of these results, some recommendations have been concluded in addition to some suggestions for a group of future studies.Item العلاقات الدولية بين السودان وتشاد (دراسة في الجغرافيا السياسية)(جامعة النيلين, 2007) نجاة أحمد حسن محمد عليAbstract This study aims at investigatig the distribution of population across the Sudanese — Chadian political boundaries, with the purpose of evaluating the impact of the massive presence of Chadian nationals in Sudanese territory on the political relations between Sudan and Chad. The methodology adapted in this study is comprised of historical and analytical methods. The study gives a geographical description of the study area. Then it goes to describe the population and tribal distribution in the area, focusing on the economic activities and tracing the historical background of the correlation between these population groups. Special emphasis was put on the massive presence of Chadian nationals in Darfur. The nature of the political boundary between the two countries was then studied, the role of British and French imperialism in fmalizing this boundary was highlighted and the major problems related to this boundary were stated. Finally the development of political relations between the two countries in recent year was traced and some suggestions were given to overcome the factors underlying the current bad political relations between the two countries, based on the positive aspects of the distribution of population across the political boundary.Item عصر عبد الملك بن مروان دراسة في نظام الحكم والادارة 65هـ -هـ 86(جامعة النيلين, 1997) تركي حسون نصيف الخفاجيأهم أحداث التاريخ سير الرجال واظمهم من أثر في حوادثه وترك أثره فيه خالدة كخلوده بقوة شخصيته ورجاحة عقله وعظمة مقدرته وحسن سياسته وتدبيره وكان عبد الملك بن مروان احد هؤلاء العظماء وتناول هذا البحث من ناحية زمانية دراسة نظام الحكم والادارة في عصر عبد الملك ابن مروان من السنة الخامسة والستين الي سته وثمانين من الهجرة ومن أربعة وثمانين وستمائة الي خمسة وسبعمائة من الميلادItem رؤية المستفيدين لاثر التقنيات المكتبية الحديثة في تطوير خدماتهم(alneelain, 2003) مصباح بن سعد بوزنيفABSTRACT The modem library technologies are some of the technologies based on the latest scientific inventions such as modern machines and equipment. These inventions aim at achieving accuracy, speed and efficiency; saving human efforts in doing work at libraries. By the end of the twentieth century and early twenty first century, these technologies have largely developed for a variety of applications in libraries and information centers. This has its effect on the activities of those who are involved in conducting library services. The aim of this field study was to survey the present situation of the university libraries at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia after they have had some of the information technologies which were supposed to have positive effect on their S6l'VlC€S. The researcher used several tools and different methods in dealing with the subjects which contributed to answer the study questions. The most important tools were two questionnaires made by the researcher himself. The first questionnaire was given to the deans of the study libraries and to the heads of the respective departments. The researcher counted the number of what the study libraries have of these equipment, machines and software. He noted the viewpoints of those who were in charge of the libraries regarding these technologies. Copies of the second questionnaire were given to a sample of the male teaching staff at King Saud University and the Islamic University of Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud, of whom 341 responded to all items of this questionnaire. The researcher used more than one statistical method in analyzing the data such as: frequency tables, percentages, averages, standard deviations and analysis of variance. He compared these outcomes with some previous studies showing his comments and remarks when and wherever it was necessary. These outcomes could be summarized as follows: - The number of these equipment and machines available for researchers at the study libraries was little, especially at the Imam University because of the lack of money. - The number of employees was few and insufficiently qualified which affected the users’ services. - The study libraries were connected to some of the international information databases, but this didn’t fulfill the desired objective. The users were still complaining of the lack of up-to-date information sources for their disciplines, especially in the scientific areas. - Most of the users were not satisfied with the sen/ices given to them, and many of them had no experience of using the equipment and machines available at libraries. The researcher consequently gave some important recommendations hoping to be taken into ‘consideration by those who were in charge of the study library affairs, as follows: - University libraries should cope with the latest technological developments. These developments should be given special importance in the developmental plans and be exploited for information services at Saudi Universities, and enough money should be allocated for that. - Accurate and strict norms should be observed for recruiting new employees for the university libraries, and more efforts should be exerted to develop their abilities and qualifications. - When selecting information contents, libraries should make a balance between what is published on paper and what is electronically published. To train the users well on how to use the equipment and machines available at the study libraries by organizing proper courses whenever it is necessary. To ask the concerned specialists to prepare norms and standards for acquiring modern library technologies, taking the Saudi situation into consideration. These norms and standards should be applied at all libraries of high educational institutions.Item التحركات البشرية في غرب السودان(alneelain, 1982-03) عبدالوهاب الحسين عبدالرحيمItem التداخل في شكل القصيدة العربية ومضمونها في العصر الحديث(alneelain, 2004) أبوبكر علي عبدالمجيدabstract:the title of this research is "the modern structural and implicit interference in Arabic poem ". it is writers for awarding PHD degree in Arabic language /literature and critic -ism section".it is emphasizes some contemporizes issues which has been discussed and contradicted by critics . the research include five chapters ,the first is about the interference in ray me and ray them.he wrote about the music of Arabic poetry, the usage of (ZAHA-FAT and EILLAL in poetic buhoour ).in addition,Kamal abu deeb studies :which he considerd as complete replacement for AL-KHALIL poetics.Item التداخل في شكل القصيدة العربية ومضمونها في العصر الحديث دراسة - تحليل - نقد(2004) ابوبكر علي عبدالمجيد