PHDtheses :Petroleum
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Item The Hydrogeology Of Jebl Mara Area With Special Emphasis On Water Quality,Western Sudan(Al Neelain University, 2004) Sami Hashim Mohamed MahmoudThe study area situated between longitude 24°.00'—25°.00' east and latitude l2°.30' and l4°.OO' north. The aim of the study is to cover the geology, hydrology with special emphasis on water quality (qualitative and quantitative). A field work was carried out several times to the study area as to collect water samples and field observations. Water samples from hand pumps, dug wells, wadis and hot springs were collected from the area in dry and wet season. Physical, chemical, and bacteriological analyses were done in different laboratories by applying standard methods given by A.P.H.A., and A.W.W.A., standard methods. Major cations, some, some trace elements and other water properties were examined for all samples in three recognized laboratories. Seasonal variation (dry & wet) of physico-chemical properties major cations, major anions, some trace elements shown by drawing seasonal variation graphs and aerial distribution maps of all elements. A comparison between water from wadis and hot springs was also done. The study revealed that samples from wells (hand & dug) consists of variable concentrations of ions all of them fall within the permissible limit given by Word Health Organization (W.H.O., 1984) except manganese, total iron zinc concentration were high and above the recommended values. Great deficiencies of iodine were detected throughout the study area (low or nil values) in all samples taken. About 95% of samples from wells (hand and dug) classified as Calcium-Sodium-Bicarbonate-Chloride type, and 5% as Calcium—Magnesium-Bicarbonate-Chloride type .Item Assessement of Integrated Geophysical Groundwater Prospecting Methods ON Basement Comiplex Aqutfersin NE Nuba Mountains - Sudan(جامعة النيلين, 2007) NUHA ELZEIN MOHAMED.r.;- I r .e | ~ Abstract A _,.~~ Integrated geophysical methods were applied to map the groundwater aquifers on complex geological settings, in the crystalline basement terrain in northeast Nuba Mountains, which are structurally controlled. The water flow is controlled by the northwest-southeast extensional faults as one of several in-situ deformational patterns that are attributed to the collisioniof the Pan-African oceanic assemblage dfthe Nubian shield against the pre-Pan African continental crust to the west. The used assessments are the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), very low frequency-resistivity (VLF-R), and the audio magneto telluric (AMT) soundings, vertical electrical soundings (VES) in addition to water quality analysis and petrophysical measurements. These measurements were designed to be overlapped in order to prove the reproducibility of the geophysical data and to provide better interpretation of the hydrogeological setting in the aquifer complex structure. Different inversion schemes, accomplished by means of a cluster analysis, were attempted for the synthetic and observed ERT data to study their reliability to map the different geometries in the complex subsurface such as fault and graben structures. The sedimentary sequence is not symmetrical due the seasonal variations of the flow direction. Variations of the basement types were also recorded by their resistivity values and consequently their weathered products influence the water quality. The VLF-R data with Transverse Electric (TE) mode has been collected using the transmission stations GBR, GBZ and RHA of frequencies 16.0, l9.6 and 23.4 kHz respectively and it was two dimension (ZD) laterally-constrained inverted in a smoothly 2D resistivity distribution model after manual incorporation of a priori data . The inverted ERT and VLF-R lines confirmed the fracture zones and the deeper basins. Eight AMT soundings were acquired. True resistivity values and their relevant thickness were calculated and viewed as three dimension (3D) surface images. The VES data was conducted, where ERT survey was not accessible, and inverted smoothly and merged with the ERT in the 3D resistivity grid. Synthetic magnetotellurics MT data enabled us to test the inconsistencies between die interpreted geophysical results and the geologic expectations across AlBetira fold. Hydrochemical analysis (analyses) was applied to 42 water samples collected from the (hand) dug wells in the study area. Extremely high saline zones due to different reasons were recorded. Petrophysical measurements of an artificial saturated aquifer, using different soil types and various water salinities, provided a range for the porosity, formation factor and resistivity of the bulk formation and the later can be represented in terms of grain size distribution. A combination between the electric conductivity (EC) data and iso-resistivity horizons provides a better resolution of the target aquifer location, type and grain size distribution. The formation factor I was estimated from the EC map and the corresponded bulk resistivity from the depth slices (W) and it varies from 1 to 6.7, except of Abu Gebiha which reaches 18. This result is confirmed by the previous petrophysical measurements and in addition to the water quality analysis, drainage pattems, and faults locations derived from VLF-R and ERT data. New target aquifers were suggested in the north eastem part of Al Terter area and along both Khor Baggara and Khor BanGadid in Al Betira area with respect to the water quality in both localities, and the southem pans of AbuGebiha town is considered as reasonable targets for groundwater supply. iiItem GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION AND FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JEDDAH CITY THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA(Neelain University, 2008) SOLEIMAN HASSAN KODEIHThis thesis presents the findings of the geotechnical investigation of the subsurface conditions that have been conducted for the Jeddah City that located at the central western sector of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work was carried out to fulfill the requirements ofdoctorate degree in Engineering Geology for Jeddah area in Saudi Arabia by Al Neelain University — Graduate College -, Sudan. The field investigation was performed from October 05, 2005 through March 14, 2007. The field investigation work was carried out by mainly drilling fifty one (51) boreholes distributed at six (6) zones depending on the type of subsurface formations encountered. The zones locations are as follow: 0 Zone l: north west of Jeddah 0 Zone 2: central north east of Jeddah 0 Zone 3: south west of Jeddah Q Zone 4: central south of J eddah v Zone 5: east of Jeddah I Zone 6: central north of Jeddah Generally, Residual soil was encountered at the area of zone two and zone four and coralline formations was found at the location of zone one, three and six. Rocky formation was encountered at the area of zone five at the eastern sector of Jeddah area. The residual soils are composed of brown to light brown, medium dense to very dense, silty or clayey sand with gravel and/or some cobbles and located at the eastern sector before the mountain area (zone 5)Item Evaluation of the Coastal Plain Aquifer Physical Parameters in Gaza Strip(Al Neelain University, 2005) Samir Khalil ShaathGaza Strip like some other parts of the Middle East countries has distinct and serious deficit in water. Currently, there is a water sholftag problem for most of the Gaza Strip’s residents. The quality of consulmfed water has very grave problems, as some bacteriological contamination, lasl well as increase in nitrates and chlorides to levels which already have been above the safety limit. Further more it is forecasted that the quantity of available water, which is already scarce, may drop to incompatible levelsl with an acceptable standard of living, public health, social and economid development in the region. To solve the quantity shortage problem in Gaza Strip, correct data about the physical aquifer parameters should be available. Si-ace; hydrogeological studies about Gaza Strip aquifer are not available; an' accurate scientific research will present the basis of figuring the aquifer parameters, which may help in calculating the amount of stored water in the aquifer and can be performed in the lield by either direct method, or by indirect method. Every aquifer has its own physical parameters (Characteristics), as Porosity (E), Transmissivity (T), and Storage Coefficient (S), these physical parameters control the fluids passage through the aquifer. To study any aquifer, we must calculate the aquifer phvsical parameters by executing some tests and analyze their results, from these tests the. pumping test can be used. The aim of this research is to find some physical characteristics for; the Coastal Plain Aquifer in Gaza Strip. as values for Transmissivity (T) and Storage Coefficient (S). l I This study showed that, the water quantity is decreasing year after year, and the quality of water is in continuous deteriorating. There are some suggestions to increase the water quantity in the reservoir, and it is recommended to decrease the usage of \vater and use the water wisely.Item REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, PROSPECTING FOR MINERAL DEPOSITS AND GROUNDWATER-BERBER SHEET AREA, NORTHERN SUDAN(Al Neelain University, 2006-09) SAMI OMER HAG EL KHIDIRThe geology of the East Bayuda Desert —Abiydia (Berber Sheet, NE-36-G) area in the north Sudan, has been investigated by means of remote sensing and Geo-Information System (GIS) techniques and limited geotraverses. Digital image processing of Landsat ETM+7 data and geo-spatial analysis were conducted to evaluate the use of remotely sensed data in geological mapping, mineral prospecting and hydrogeological investigation in such arid terranes. The study area represents a part of Bayuda terrane, and comprises Basement Complex rocks of Neoproterozoic age. The lithologies include the high-grade gneisses and migmatites, dismembered ophiolitic basic-ultrabasic rocks, metavolcanosedimentary sequence and supracrustal metasediments. These units have been intruded by syn- to late- and post-orogenic intrusions during and afler the Pan-African orogeny. Phanerozoic sedimentary Formations cover the Basement Complex rocks, which in turn have been covered by Cainozoic basaltic volcanics. Most of these units have been covered in parts by Quatemary Nile silts, alluvial deposits and / or aeolian sand sheets. The East African Orogen has been manifested in the study area. The collision between the west and east Gondwanaland continents resulted in at least five deformational phases, which can be traced in Satellite image. The three ductile and two brittle deformational phases result from the collision of the Bayuda terrane with Halfa and Gabgaba terranes. The first discemible deformational phase displayed by the isoclinal folds with E-W fold axis. These folds were refolded by close folds in NE-SW fold-axis fold. A third phase of open folds refolded the earlier fold with E-W fold axis. The ductile deformation has been followed by brittle deformational phase. The NE-SW trend Nakasib shear affected earlier structures, which in tum has been superimposed by N-S trend Keraf shear zone. Digital image processing was conducted to enhance the visual interpretation of the Landsat ETM+7 data. The IHS (Intensity-Hue —Saturation) transformation of the decorrelated stretched bands yielded an overall good lithologic discrimination. The two colour composite images 7, 4, l and 7, 5, 4 have been decorrelated stretched and then IHS transformed with the panchromatic band. The two colour composite images display well saturated hues and morphological signatures, which make them the best in discriminating various lithological units. The Principal Component transformations yield saturated images and resulted in a higher signal-to — noise ratio when standardized coefficients were used instead of the covariance matrices. Band ratioing images yielded geologically informative images, where both spectral and morphological information are preserved. Selective merged images were used by combined in the red-green-blue colour gun different and theless correlated images from various techniques. Colour composite images Litho-l, Litho-2 and drainage-image have been built. The Litho-1 colour composite image utilizes the PC2 (of the six bands) in red, band ratio 5/7 in green and DC2 (of bands 5, 4 & 3) in blue. The Litho-2 colour composite image utilizes PC2 (of the six bands) in red, DC2 (of bands 5, 4 & 3) in green and band ratio 3/1 *5/7 in blue. The drainage colour composite image utilizes band ratio 5/7, DC2 (of bands 5, 4 & 3), PC5 (of the six bands) in red, green and blue, respectively. These saturated and morphological expressed images display well discrimination ability of diverse lithological unit and structural elements. On the hand the drainage image created by selecting the band ratio 5/7, DC2 (of bands 5, 4 & 3) and PC5 (of the six bands) in the R, G and B, respectively. It was found that this image is superior in delineation the alluvial in the wadies, thus it was used mainly in mapping them. Geological map of Berber Sheet (scale of l:250000) has been produced utilizing the Geo- Berber database. The Geo-Berber includes the digitally processed remotely sensed data, field work and structural and petrographical data. These data combined with demographic data. The SRTM data provide the base for the elevation data in the geo-database. The extracted DEM render the 3D terrane visual image that assists the lithological discrimination by its morphological expression. The geo-spatially analysed lineaments data used in the Geo-Berber database have been produced by the spatial and structural analyses of the edge enha.nced- filtered Landsat images. Prospecting for mineral deposits has been exploited using the spectral criteria of the gossans and rock alteration associated with mineralization. The geo-spatially analysed- supervised classified colour composite images of Crosta (Feature Oriented Principal Components image) and Sabin’s ratio image proved to support the demarcation of the mineralization. The results are found to be controlled with the level of erosion as witnessed in the deeply eroded terranes as in the East Bayuda Desert and Abidiya areas. In the mineralized Ariab-NW Nakasib area that is characterized by low-level of erosion, the technique revealed optimum results in depicting the gossans. This malfunction in the remote sensing-GIS mineral prospecting model can be overcome by combining other geological and structural information in the geo-spatial analysis. A remote sensing-GIS model for depicting fractures and structurally-controlled aquifers in crystalline rocks prove to guide the prospecting of groundwater in Basement Complex terrane of the East Bayuda Desert. Digital image processing, lineament analysis and geo- spatial analysis combined with ground geophysical investigation gave best possible results as documented by the drilling activities.Item Digital Image Processing of Landsat7 data and GIS Application for Geological Investigation in Jebel Erba Area, _ Red Sea Hills, NE Sudan _(Al Neelain University, 2006-09) Ibrahim Ahmed Ali BabikirDigital image ‘processing and Geographic Information System techniques, together with a limited reconnaissance ground truthing, have been used to investigate the geology of the area around J. Erba and J. Oda of the Sudanese‘ Red Sea Hills (RSH). The methodology fulfilled and the procedures followed during this study enabled the establishment of geodatabase named GeoRSl-I and the production of two geological maps of scale l:250,000. The area of study occupies the central part of RSH of Sudan that belongs to the Nubian Sector of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). It forms part of the Gebeit terrain that is known to be created among the other four terrains of NE Sudan (Tokar, Heya, Gabgaba and Geri) during the Pan-African event (950-50OMa) due to subduction-related processes and collisional tectonics and sutured together byidismembered-ophiolite belts and major shear zones. The geology of the area comprises high-grade gneisses, volcanosedimentary sequences metamorphosed in the greenschist facies, all intruded by syn and syn-to-late orogenic calc-alkaline intrusives and post-orogenic alkaline bimodal gabbro-granite complexes. The coastal plain is geologically characterized by Cenozoic siliciclastic and shallow marine rift- related sedimentary sequences. Pliocene-Pleistocene is represented by the thick older gravel unit and the emergent linear reef terraces. I - - i Several digital image processing techniques have been implemented to enhance the Landsat7 ETM+ digital satellite data. A Digital mosaic that covers almost all the Sudanese Red Sea Hills has been created using nine Landsat7 scenes. A 3x3 high-pass filtered color composite image with a central coefficient of 16 proves to create the most optimized images that appear relatively brighter and more saturated. Four color composite triplets of band ratio images; B3/B5, B3/B1, B5/B7; B5/B7, B5/B4, B3/Bl; B5/B7, B5/B1, (B3/B4)(B5/B4) and B5/B7, B3/Bl, B4/B3, have been composed to assist geological mapping. Directed band ratioing of the ratio color composite (B5/B7, B5/B4, B3/Bl) resulted in a well enhanced image that is characterized by satisfying saturated colors,‘ strong retention of ‘topographic expression and well pronounced lithological discrimination. Unstandardized and standardized principal component analyses have been done using the six reflected bands as well as a four selected bands. Some of their resulted images show relatively clear Landcover differentiation. Detailed lineaments investigation has been done using high-pass filtered, directional-filtered images as well aslthne DEM. The lineaments ofithe study area show a clear bimodal pattern where a dominant N-S (360° i 10°) and subdominant E-W (90° i 10°) trend. The N-S lineaments are attributed to the shear fracture system that resulted from Heya-Gebeit terrain collisional episode and the NW-SE compressional forces that prevailed during the Neoproterozoic time. The E-W trending lineaments have been interpreted to result from the locally deflected, landward extension and propagation of the Red Sea rift-related transform faults. Dykes and dyke swarms present in the study area display a prominent unimodalpattern with a prominent E-W direction. These dykes were probably emplaced during a compressive condition with a minimum principal compressive stress that trends 350°-360°. This direction corresponds to the main direction of the N-S trending Pan‘-African sinistral master faults related to Onib-Sol Hamid and Baraka major shear zones. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data of 90m resolution that covers the study area have been Well utilized. Contour maps, shaded relief images as well as 3D scenes have been deduced from the SRTM data. The 3D scenes enhanced the visualization of the different geospatial data stored in the constructed geodatabase. A GIS-based geodatabase (GeoRSH) has been designed for the study area. It is structured to include all the available spatial data that have been stored in four group layers namely; the Infrastructure, Topography, Geology and Processed Satellite data group layers. GIS cartography has been implemented" to assist the final design of the two geological maps of scale l:250,000. The final layout of the two maps has been prepared in a GIS framework.Item Integration of Geophysical Techniques for Archaeological Prospection in Sudan.(Al Neelain University, 2007-05) Mohamed Abdelwahab Mohamed AliThe geophysical data in the current study have been measured in four archaeological sites in Sudan. The studied sites include Meroe city, Domat Al-Hamadab, Musawwarat es Sufra and Jebel Barkal. The geophysical methods, which are suitable for each site, were selected on base of the physical contrast of the specific parameter of each method. This parameter represents magnetic susceptibility in magnetic method, electrical resistivity in resistivity method and dielectric permittivity in ground penetrating radar. The magnetic data in the studied archaeological sites in Sudan have been measured using three different magnetometers. The first one (caesium magnetometer with accuracy 1 0.01 nT) measures the total magnetic fields. The second one (Overhauser magnetometer :t: 0.1 nT) measures the vertical gradient of the total magnetic field and the third one (Fluxgate gradiometer :\: 0.1 nT) measures the vertical gradient of vertical component of the magnetic field using portable magnetometer/gradiometer. The magnetic surveys were complemented by resistivity mapping to investigate the archaeological features horizontally when these features have contrast in_ the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity to their surroundings. The complementary magnetic and resistivity mapping surveys have been integrated with electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, in profiles with locations selected on base of the magnetic and resistivity results. The ERI and GPR profiles provided complementary information about the variation of the anomalies related to the archaeological features with depth. The integrated interpretation of these methods leads to better understand the target features and accordingly helps the archaeologists witl1 some hints for correct conclusions. The integrated prospection results (chapter 5) convinced the archaeologist to replace some of the archaeological excavation by geophysical surveys to complete the missing parts of the site maps. Test excavations have been carried out for field check of the geophysical interpretation. This study shows how it is successful using geophysical processing techniques to improve signals of the geophysical data from archaeological sites so as to extract the maximum information from these data, and then gives better chances for successful interpretations. Basic theory and algorithms of the geophysical methods and processing techniques are used not only for explaining the successful techniques, but also for defining the problematic ones and introducing and recommending methods to overcome the encountered problems. It is demonstrated that geochemical analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements can give some indications for explaining the success and failure of archaeological prospection using magnetic surveys. The magnetic gradient revealed the presence of some fairly clear archaeological building structures in the different studied sites. It is shown that such measurements are more effective to detect the shallow archaeological features than the total magnetic field measurements, which enhance the anomalies'of deeper sources. The geochemical analysis and magnetic susceptibility results of the collected samples, which represent the construction and the surrounding materials in the studied sites, indicate that sandstone as non-magnetic material can be detected successfully, when it is embedded in magnetic background. The fired-bricks may have higher magnetic susceptibilities. Therefore, they are shown in the magnetic images very clearly. Depending on the scale of the prospected features, comparison between coarse sampling pattern (e.g. 0.5 m) and fine sampling pattern (0.25 m) has been done. The first one was used in the reconnaissance‘ survey, but small-scale sampling pattern was required to resolve the small-scale anomalies more clearly. 3D modeling and inversion of the magnetic data of the studied area have been done using a priori infonnation, which were of great help to select a good starting model for the inversion process and then ending in a plausible model for the modeled anomalies with low rms error. ' 1D vertical electrical sounding (ID-VES) measurements have been used to give general estimation of the vertical extension of the prospected features. Furthermore, it helps to describe geological conditions of the archaeological features and their surroundings. 2D resistivity imaging profiles with small electrode- spacing (0.25 m, 0.5 or l m -depending on the scale of target anomalies) have been carried out along locations selected on base of magnetic, 1D-VES and resistivity mapping results. The resistivity inversion results of these profiles helped to estimate the vertical extensions of the archaeological targets more precisely. The applicability of combining 2-D electrical resistivity imaging (2D-ERI) profiles in 3-D data set for inversion using a 3-D resistivity inversion code is also demonstrated. High frequency (500 MHZ) ground penetrating radar (GPR) replaced 2D-ERI in arid and semi-arid area, where conditions favor the use GPR. The integrated interpretation of these methods leads to better understand the target features and accordingly helps the archaeologists with some hint for correct conclusions. This study can be used to pave the way for an increased use of geophysical techniques in the cultural heritage management of archaeological sites in Sudan.Item Groundwater hydrogeological investigation in basement and sedimentary aquifers in El Obeid–Bara area, North Kordofan State; Sudan(Al-Neelain University, 2008) Ahmed Babiker El HajAbstract The study area is situated in the North Kordofan State-western Sudan the region is characterized by semi-arid and poor savannah climatic zone, where acute shortages of water are experienced. The purpose of this study is to assess the groundwater quantity and quality, through testing the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and geological setting. Using remote sensing techniques and geophysical electrical methods combined with the hydrogeological methods to study the potentialities of the groundwater resources. The study area is covered by the basement complex (Precambrian age) which is overlain by superficial deposits in the southern part, where the northern part is covered by sedimentary rocks (Tertiary to Quaternary age) under the overburden of superficial deposits. The remote sensing studies were done to define some geological features in the study area. Lineament-length density and frequency ranges from 0.02 to 0.3 km-1, and from 0.01 to 0.19; drainage-length density and frequency are 0.006 to 0.1 km-1, and from 0.004 to 0.06 respectively. Therefore, in the hard rocks terrains based on lineament studies the target zones were indicated by the overlap of the high-intensity lineament contours and the low-intensity drainage contours, and by intersection of a stream channel, that was observed on major lineaments restricted at zones (10, and 11) that provide better targets for groundwater prospecting. The geophysical electrical resistivity and electromagnetic methods were applied to define the anomalies, thickness and lateral lithological variation of the sedimentary and basement aquifers. The results show that these methods useful to locating boreholes sites. Geophysical logs (electrical resistivity and self-potential) were applied in five wells located at the sedimentary aquifer in order to provide better guideline for the water bearing formation. The present hydrogeological investigations have revealed two inhomogeneous and anisotropic water-bearing formations: the sedimentary basin consists of two aquifers called upper and lower, mainly comprising of sand and a few amounts of gravels and clays. However, the other aquifer weathered / fractured basement consist of clay and fragment of rocks. The results of pumping test and grain size analysis revealed the variation in hydraulic properties depending on geological formation. Where, the average transmissivity ranges between 124 and 937 m2 /d, hydraulic conductivity was estimated to be 1.8 and 19.5 m/d, and storativity vary from 4.5x10-6 to 1.9x10-3, indicating higher hydraulic XIV properties of the sedimentary aquifer and lower in the basement complex one. The present investigation has brought to light the fact that the area promising in term of groundwater resources estimated to be 52.5x109 m 3 in the sedimentary basin, and 3.1x109 m 3 for basement complex. The fluctuation in the static water level depending mainly on the annual recharge and discharge rates range between 0.5 to 3.0 m. The volume of annual recharge estimated to be 40% with compared to annual discharge. On the other way, the total annual extraction values of groundwater resources equal about 1.3 x109 m 3 , which is more than the annual recovery rates. In term of chemical composition of groundwater, the TDS values range from 300 to 3060 ppm and EC values ranges between 415 and 4400 microohms/cm. Hydrochemical analysis using standard diagrams to classified hydrochemical characteristics of both aquifers. Groundwater is predominantly of sulphate- chloride alkaline-earth water (Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl type) in the basement complex, while Ca-HCO3 to Na-Cl type of hydrochemical facies presented in the sedimentary and it is apparently suitable for drinking demands.Item GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION RELATED TO ANOROGENIC IGNEOUS COMPLEXES OF NORTHERN NUBA MOUNTAINS AND NORTHERN KORDOFAN, SUDAN(Al-Neelain University, 2008) MOHAMMED YAHYA ABDEL GALILAbstract The selected study area is situated in the central Sudan covering the northern part of southern Kordofan and the southern part of Northern Kordofan State. The main focused localities are Ed Dair complex, J. Dumbier, Kortala and Moreib areas to study the economic potentialities of the alkaline ring complexes. Detailed geological mapping and petrography study and field relationships representing these complexes were carried out to be compared and correlated with those complexes surrounding Mazrub and katul areas in Northern Kordofan Province. The eldest basement rocks exposed in north Kordofan are predominantly quartz-feldspathic gneisses, with obvious metasedimentary rocks such as marble, schist, quartzite and calcsilicates. The regional strike of the metamorphic rocks is N to NE. The uplifted domal massifs of the Nuba Mountains consist of older units of gneisses and migmatites, metasedimentary-metavolcanic sequences and syn- to late- orogenic granites. Theses units have been intruded by numerous undeformed younger intrusives, post- orogenic igneous intrusive arranged along regional fracture zones. The main objectives of this study are: To set a geological map for the northern part of Nuba Mountains and the neighboring parts of northern Kordofan terrains where anorogenic intrusions have been reported, and to reveal geological criteria and orientation parameters to prospect for mineralization related to these intrusions and other virgin areas of similar geotectonic-geochemical landscape. The adopted methodologies are divided into: field work, laboratory work, and a complex package of data analysis include geo-statistical analysis, mathematical, geophysical and landsat imagery interpretation. The developed analytical XRF and XRD of the collected 323 rock and composite chip samples, 70 stream samples and 300 residual soil samples have been conducted in the laboratories of TU-Berlin. The geochemical analysis discriminative diagrams show that the rocks are peralkaline, evolved in a within-plate setting, which indicates that all studied orogenic intrusions belong to one province. Fluorite veins are mostly oriented parallel to the regional strike-slip faulting in J. Semeih and NE part of J. Dumbier which allowed the injection of the hydrothermal solutions. The comparison between the XRF and XRD data to determine the quantitative contents of the fluorite are one of the very important finds of this work. The high content values of rare earth elements in fluorite from J. Dumbier illustrates high temperature zone of ii mineralization of hydrothermal. The low content values of rare earth elements in the fluorite from J. Semieh illustrates low temperature zone of hydrothermal mineralization. The estimated reverse of fluorite in J. Semieh is 42,000 cubic meters. Two localities in J. Dumbier are considered as potential fluorite resources: in J. Gidian with an estimated volume 14,000 cubic meters and in NE of J. Dumbier near Dumbier village with an estimated volume 3,600 cubic meters. The lithochemical prospecting criteria have revealed useful criteria for the geochemical prospecting for trace elements of economic importance. The high content of Ag, As, Cd, Pb, Th, and U in the clayey fraction of the stream sediments from the NE part of J. Dumbier reflects mesothermal mineralization of these elements in this area. Carbonatite in J. Dumbier illustrate high contents of trace and rare elements which emphasize its igneous origin. High rare earth and trace elements contents indicate polymetalics hydrothermal mineralization in J. Katul. The chemical analysis of marbles around J. Dumbier is heterogeneous in composition and contains remarkable dolomitic lenses. The granitic outcrops in the studied areas (Ed Dair and Kortala) are found to be massive and hard with texture, structure and mineral composition suitable for ornamental decorative dimension stones. iii الملخّص تقع منطقةَ الدراسةِ المختارةِ في وسط السودان وتَغطّي الجزءَ الشماليَ لولايةِ جنوب آردفان والجزء الجنوبي لولايةِ شمالِ آردفان. بيد أن المواقع الرئيسيةَ قيد الدراسة هى: معقد الداير، جْبل الدامبير، منطقة آرتالة ومنطقة الموريب و ذلك لدِراسَة الإمكانية الإقتصاديةِ للمعقداتِ الحلقيةِ القلويةِ. التخطيط الجيولوجي المُفصّل و تحديد العِلاقات الحقلَية للمنطقة وعمل الدراسات المجهرية لعينات تُمثّلُ هذه المعقداتِ قد نُفّذتْ لكي تُقَارنَ وتُرْبَطَ بتلك المعقدِات التى تُحيطُ بمنطقتى المزروب و آاتول الواقعتان في محافظةِ شمالِ آردفان. أقدم تكشفات لصخورَالأساسِ فى منطقة شمال آردفان يغلب عليها النايس الكوارتزَيتى، النايس الفلسباثى، الصخورِ الرسوبية المتحولة، الرخامِ، الكوارتزيت، الشيست والسيليكات الكلسية. إنّ إتجاه المضرب الإقليميى للصخورِ المتحولةِ فى المنطقة هو الشمال إلى الشمال الشرقي. المرتفعات التقببية الصماء فى منطقة جبالِ النوية تشْتملُ على وحداتِ أقدمِ من النايس و المغماتيت، المتتابعات الرسوبية المتحولة- البرآانية المتحولة، سلاسل الجرانيت الجبلية متزامنة و متأخرة النشأة. هذه الوحدات تحتوى على متدُخِلاتْ نارية من صخور الجرانيت الحديث و صخور الجرانيت متأخرة التجبل غيرِ المُشَوَّهةِ والتى وجدت على طول نطاقات الكسور الإقليميةِ. الأهدافَ الرئيسيةَ لهذه الدراسةِ:أولا لوَضْع خريطة جيولوجية للجزءِ الشماليِ لجبالِ النوبة والأجزاء المجاورة لمناطق شمالِ آردفان حيث تم التعرف على عدد من التدخلاتِ التجبلية، و ثانيا لكَشْف معاييرِ جيولوجيةِ والمعاملات الموجه للتَنقيب عن التمعدنات التى ترتبط بهذه المتدخلاتِ والمناطقِ الأخرى غير المدروسة التى تتسم بوضع تكتونى وجيوآيميائى مماثل. إنّ المنهجياتَ المُتَبتاهَ فى هذه الدراسة منقسمة إلى: العمل الميداني والعمل المختبرى ، و حزمة معقّدة لتحليلِ البياناتِ وتَتضمّنُ تحليلَ جيوإحصائي، رياضي ، جيوفيزيائي وتفسير صور الأقمار الصناعية. الإستخدام المتطور لطريقتى التحليل بواسطة حيود الأشعة السينية و الأشعة السينية الوميضية (لعدد 323 عينة صخريةِ وعيناتِ شظية ممثلة، 70 عينة رواسب وديانيه و300 عينةِ تربةِ متبقيةِ) قد أجريتْ في مختبراتِ جامعة برلين التقنية. أظهرت مخططاتَ التحاليلِ الجيوآيميائية بأنّ الصخورَ هى فوق قلويه، و بأنها قد تَطوّرتَ ضمن نشاط داخل الصفائح، الذي بدوره يُشيرُ بأنّ آُلّ المتدخلات الجبلية المدروسة ترجع إلى إقليم واحد. في منطقة جبل السميح والجزء الشمالى الشرقى من جبل الدامبير تأخذ عروق الفلورايت إتجاها موازيا في الغالب إلى الإتجاه الإقليميِ للصدوع ذات الإنزلاق المضربى، الشئ الذى سمح بمرور المحاليل الحرمائية من خلالها. المقارنة بين بيانات طريقتى حيود الأشعة السينية و الأشعة السينية الوميضية لتحديد المحتوي الكمّي للفلورايت هو إحدى الإستنتاجات الهامةِ فى هذه الدراسة. القِيَم العالية لمحتوي عناصرِ النادرةِ لفلورايت جبل الدامبير تشير الى نطاق حرارة عالي للتمعدن الحرمائى .القِيَم المنخفضة للعناصرِ الأرضِية النادرةِ لفلورايت جبل الدامبير تشير الى نطاق حرارة منخفض للتمعدن الحرمائى. إنّ تقدير مخزون فلورايت جبل السميح هو000,42 مترُ مكعّبُ. يعتبر موقعان في جْبل الدامبير مصادر محتملة للفلورايت: فى جبل جديان بحجمِ مُقدر ب000,14 مترَ مكعّبَ وأما في شمال شرق جبل الدامبير قُرْب قريةِ الدامبير بحجمِ مقدر ب600,3 مترَ مكعّبَ. iv آَشفتْ معاييرُ التنقيب الليثوآبمبائية معايير جديدة مفيدة للتنقيب عن عناصرِ نذرة ذات أهميةِ إقتصاديةِ. تواجد النسب العالية من الفضة، الزرنيخ، الكادميوم، الرصاص، الثوريوم و اليورانيوم فى الأجزاء الطينية للرسوبيات الوديانية المأخوذة من الجزء الشمالى الشرقى من جبل الدامبير تعكس التمعدن متوسط الحرارة لهذه العناصر فى منطقة الدراسة. صخور الكربونتايت فى جبل الدامبير تحوى نسب عالية من العناصر النذرة و الأرضية النادرة والتى تشير الى أصلها النارى. المحتوى العالى للعناصر النذرة و الأرضية النادرة تؤآدعلى وجود التمعدن الحرمائى المتعدد الفلزات في جْبل آاتول. أظهر التحليل الكيميائى لصخور الرخام حول جبل الدامبيربأنها غير متجانسة التكوين و تحوى عدسات دولومايتيية مميزة. المكاشف الجرانيتية فى مناطق الدراسة (الداير و آرتالة) صماء و صلبة ذات نسيج، بنية و ترآيب معدنى مناسب لأستحدامها آأحجارِ زينة .