Journal of Graduate Studies - VOL - 40-1
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Item دور الفيدرالية في التنمية المحلية في السودان : (دراسة حالة ولاية غرب كردفان خلال الفترة 2011م -2015م)(جامعة النيلين, 2018) حسين محمود محمد الفيلالمستخلص الفيدراية هي التقسيم الدستوري للسلطة بين المستوى المركزي للدولة والمستوى الإقليمي لها (الحكم الإقليمي المحلي) وأن الفيدرالية لا تنشأ إلا بمشاركة حقيقية لأهل الاقليم في إقليمها ومن أبرز سمات الدولة الفيدرالية ، الفيدرالية المالية والإدارة الشعبية وأهم الخصائص الإقتصادية للحكم الفيدرالي سلطة التشريع المالي ، ادارة المسائل المتعلقة بالتنمية الشاملة ،إن الهدف من تطبيق الفيدرالية هو تحقيق التنمية الشاملة و السلام لإتاحة الفرصة للمواطنين للمشاركة في الحكم و الإدارة واقتسام السلطة و الثروة. تعتبر المشاركة الشعبية من أهم ركائز ومقومات التنمية المحلية التي تساهم في صنع القرار، واللامركزية السياسية و الإدارية والمالية وعليه فإن عنصر اللامركزية يحظى بأهمية في عملية التنمية المحلية من خلال مشاركة المجتمع المحلي في القرارات وتحديد احتياجاته ورفعها عبر ممثليه في المجالس المنتخبة و منظمات المجتمع المدني مما يساعد المركز في تحديد أولويات المشاريع التنموية علي مستوى المجتمعات المحلية، توجد معوقات التنمية المحلية كإختلال التوازن، الادارية، السياسية, الإجتماعية, تعتبر المعوقات الثقافية من أهم التحديات التي تواجهها المجتمعات المحلية. يهدف البحث الي دراسة دور تطبيق النظام الفيدرالي في السودان علي أوضاع التنمية المحلية من خلال رفع المستوي المعيشي عبر تنويع الأنشطة الأقتصادية التجارية والاجتماعية وذلك بتنشيط وتنويع موارد وطاقات المجال الجغرافي، وتحديث بنية التنمية الريفية بإدخال التكنولوجيا الحديثة في الانتاج وتحديث بنيات الري وتأهيل الكوادر وبناء القدرات للمجتمعات الريفية. ويعمل علي اختيار عدة فروض أهمها: أن تطبيق النظام الفيدرالي في السودان يضمن توظيفا عادلا للموارد الأقتصادية للبلاد ، الأمر الذي مكن الولايات الاستفادة من مواردها الذاتية و موارد الحكومة المركزية في تنفيذ مشروعاتها التنموية و تحريك مجتمعاتها . المنهج المستخدم وصفي تحليلي من مصادر أولية عبارة عن مقابلات مع اشخاص لهم علاقة بموضوع البحث، أما المصادر الثانوية تتمثل في التقارير والميزانيات المرصودة للتنمية بوزارة المالية لولاية غرب كردفان. توصل البحث لعدة نتائج ابرزها: أن النظام الفيدرالي في السودان ساعد معظم ولايات السودان في تحقيق درجة معقولة في مجال الخدمات الاقتصادية والإجتماعية ، كما أن محليات الولاية استفادت من الوضع الإداري الذي اتاحه لها النظام الفيدرالي ، بالإضافة لقلة الدعم الإتحادي و التركيز علي الصرف الأمني و أهمال الصرف علي التنمية البشرية . رفع البحث عدة توصيات أهمها: إقامة المستشفيات في المدن وتدريب الكوادر الطبية ، التوسع في إنشاء المراكز الصحية بالمحليات ،إقامة الخزانات و الحفائر بالستفادة من مياه الأمطار (حصاد المياه) ، الأهتمام بصحة البيئة خاصة في المدن ، التركيز علي التعليم العام ، المساهمة في زيادة دخل الاسر ومكافحة الفقر ، دعم البحث العلمي في مجال الطاقة المتجددة مما يساعد على تحقيق التنمية المحلية الشاملة على مستوى الولاية. Abstract The federation is the constitutional division of power between the central and regional levels of the state. Federalism will not arise except with the genuine participation of the people of the region in its territory. The financial federalism, the federal authority for financial legislation, the management of issues related to comprehensive development, the goal of the application of federalism is to achieve comprehensive development and Islam to allow citizens to participate in governance and governance and the sections of power and wealth. Public participation is one of the most important pillars of local development, which contributes to decision-making, administrative and financial decentralization. Therefore, the decentralization component is important in the process of local development through the sharing of the local community to participate in decisions, Its representatives in the elected councils and civil society organizations, which helps the Center in determining the priorities of development projects at the community level, have obstacles to local development such as imbalance, And cultural obstacles are one of the most important challenges faced by local communities. The administrative, The political, The communities. The study aims to study the role of application of the federal system in the Sudan in improving local living conditions by diversifying the economic and commercial activities by activating and diversifying the resources and energies of the geographical area, modernizing the rural development structure, introducing modern technology in production, modernizing irrigation infrastructure, Qualifying cadres and building capacities for rural communities. The papel is working on several important hypotheses: the application of the federal system in Sudan guarantees fair employment of the country's economic resources, which enabled the states to benefit from their own resources and the resources of the central government in implementing their development projects and moving their societies. The descriptive analytical approach used by primary sources consists of interviews with people related to the research topic. The secondary sources are the reports and budgets allocated for development in the Ministry of Finance for West Kordofan. The results of the study are as follows: The federal system in Sudan has helped most of the states of Sudan to achieve a reasonable degree in the field of economic and social services. The state localities have benefited from the administrative situation afforded by the federal system in addition to the lack of federal support, Drainage on human development. The study raised several recommendations, the most important of which are: the establishment of hospitals in the cities and the training of medical personnel, the expansion of the establishment of health centers in the municipalities, the establishment of reservoirs and pitfalls to benefit from rainwater (water harvesting), the interest in the health of the environment, especially in cities, Families and the fight against poverty, support scientific research in the field of renewable energy. The federation is the constitutional division of power between the central and regional levels of the state. It is the decentralization of compensation through which the government assigns some of its powers to administrative and affiliated units, decentralizing the transfer and resulting in decentralized institutions with some autonomy and flexibility. Federalism does not arise except with the genuine participation of the people of the region in its territory. Among the most prominent features of the federal state are the rigid written constitution, the constitutional amendment, the bilateral legislative apparatus, the financial federalism, The federal authority for financial legislation, the management of issues related to comprehensive development, the goal of the application of federalism is to achieve comprehensive development and Islam to allow citizens to participate in governance and governance and the sections of power and wealth. Public participation is one of the most important pillars of local development, which contributes to decision-making and leads to the mental embodiment of the principles of democracy and political, administrative and financial decentralization. Therefore, the decentralization component is important in the process of local development through the privileges of the local community to participate in decisions, Its representatives in the elected councils and civil society organizations, which helps the Center in determining the priorities of development projects at the community level, have obstacles to local development such as imbalance (totalitarian development), value as isolationism of the value of work and time, cultural obstacles are one of the most important challenges faced by local communities. The administrative complexity of the procedures and control of personal interests on the official working relations, political and the most important the concentration of political power in the communities in the hands of certain groups and finally the social constraints in customs and traditions And inherited values. The study aims to study the role of application of the federal system in the Sudan in improving local living conditions by diversifying the economic and commercial activities by activating and diversifying the resources and energies of the geographical area, modernizing the rural development structure, introducing modern technology in production, modernizing irrigation infrastructure, Qualifying cadres and building capacities for rural communities. He is working on several important hypotheses: the application of the federal system in Sudan guarantees fair employment of the country's economic resources, which enabled the states to benefit from their own resources and the resources of the central government in implementing their development projects and moving their societies. The descriptive analytical approach used by primary sources consists of interviews with people related to the research topic. The secondary sources are the reports and budgets allocated for development in the Ministry of Finance for West Kordofan. The results of the study are as follows: The federal system in Sudan has helped most of the states of Sudan to achieve a reasonable degree in the field of economic and social services. The state localities have benefited from the administrative situation afforded by the federal system in addition to the lack of federal support, Drainage on human development. The study raised several recommendations, the most important of which are: the establishment of hospitals in the cities and the training of medical personnel, the expansion of the establishment of health centers in the municipalities, the establishment of reservoirs and pitfalls to benefit from rainwater (water harvesting), the interest in the health of the environment, especially in cities, Families and the fight against poverty, support scientific research in the field of renewable energy. Which help on achieve total local development on all of the state.