كلية القانون - دكتوراه
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Item الركن المادي لجريمة الشيك في القانن السوداني : دراسة مقارنة(جامعة النيلين, 1999) حميد امام محمدAbstract ' The material aspect of the cheque offences in the comparative law and Sudanesejurisprudence includes among other things. A historical background covering the period of l820 until the present time. In it, we have tackled the emergence of money as a Bill of Exchange similar to check or promissory notice asa common practice in the ancient Arabia and found out that, issuance of a cheque may constitute an offence under preteict penal codes provided for in the sharia law. ' ' This study deals first with the unifying element of the cheque as referred to in the codes of International convention on Unification of cheques in 1931 which influenced a number of Arab and European countries and second with offences related to the cheques in the French laws and laws of other Arab States. Nevertheless, in the course of the study, it was established that, despite parcel differences of some 1aws,. it is comparative that provisions thereof deem issuance of a cheque with no enough money in the account an offence right from the material element of it to the prescribed spontaneity. Furthermore, the material element of the offence with it’s attached logical and structural requisites, cases of bounced cheques for lack of liquidity to cover the specified amount, enough fund, the manner of issuance, suspension, postponing payment or otherwise addition thereof are also considered. We have hence concluded that, such issuance without satisfying -the necessary procedural securities or guarantees, is impossible and recommended the act of returning a cheque to drawer as a primary procedure of discovering the anticipated offence other than deciding it. The study that derived as it did from the material element of the cheque crimes established two main aspects as basis involved in its final analysis i.e. logical and structural. The following recommendations are therefore drawn:- . ' 1- That, the term (Saak) be logically changed to (cheque) and the expression (lack of account) ‘to (closed accounti. 2- That, there there is a necessity of considering the element of (a good reason) and level of relevance thereof to suit the penal codes. The study of the Bill of Exchange A'ct, 1917 for initiation of the necessary changes and developments that followed since the enactment of that law by the Sudanese Juries is to be taken into account as well.Item مسؤولية قانونية شركة الوساطة المالية في سوق الأوراق المالية " دراسة مقارنة بين سوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية وسوق الإمارات للأوراق المالية"(جامعة النيلين, 2019) عبد الحليم أمين محمد أحمدمستخلص تعتبر الأسواق المالية في العصر الحديث محور اهتمام الاقتصاديين وشغلهم الشاغل، فمن خلالها يتم تداول رأس مال شركات المساهمة العامة والصناديق الإستثمارية وبالتالي تعتبر مقياس مؤشر اقتصاد الدولة والمرآة التي تعكس حقيقة وضعه ومدى نشاطه، وانطلاقاً من ذلك كانت أهمية موضوع البحث، حيث تسعى الدول إلى الرقابة والإشراف على عمل هذه الأسواق منعاً لحدوث التلاعب من قبل بعض المتعاملين في السوق لا سيما شركات الوساطة بإعتبارها فاعل أساسي في عملية تداول الأوراق المالية، ولعل السبب في اختيار الموضوع يرجع للرغبة في المساهمة في إثراء المكتبة القانونية ولتكون دراسة أحكام الاطروحة حافزاً لإدخال بعض التعديلات في القوانين والانظمة ذات الصلة بما يترتب عليه حفظ حقوق المتعاملين بسوق الأوراق المالية. إتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على جمع المادة من مصادرها الأولية وتحليلها ومقارنتها. قسم الباحث الدراسة إلى خمسة فصول : تناول الفصل الأول مفهوم المسئولية بوجه عام، ومفهوم وأهمية سوق الأوراق المالية ومشروعيته وضوابط تنظيمه، بينما اختصر الفصل الثاني على مفهوم الوساطة في سوق الأوراق المالية وخصائصها، وتناول الفصل الثالث التكييف القانوني لشركة الوساطة المالية وطبيعة عملها وترخيصها، وخصص الباحث الفصل الرابع لإلتزامات وحقوق الوسطاء الماليين في سوق الأوراق المالية، أما الفصل الخامس والأخير فقد تناول مسؤولية الوسطاء الماليين في سوق الأوراق المالية. وخلُصت البحث إلى نتائج أهمها أن مبدأ مساءلة شركات الوساطة عن أفعالها يُعتبر مصلحة عامة، وعامل من عوامل نجاح السوق في بناء سمعة جيدة، وكسب ثقة المستثمرين. في ذات الوقت يعود بمصالح مباشرة لأطراف صناعة تداول الأوراق المالية الهادفين للربح. أوصى الباحث بعدد من التوصيات أهمها ضرورة الإسراع في وضع قانون سلطة تنظيم أسواق المال 2016 موضع التنفيذ، وتشكيل هياكل السلطة الإدارية بما يضمن تنظيم العلاقة بين الجهات المعنية بقطاع الخدمات المالية في الدولة، لا سيما شركات الوساطة المالية، وتحديد المسؤوليات وتوحيد الجهات الرقابية، وتشديد الجزاءات على المخالفات التي تهدد الاستقرار المالي والاقتصادي في السوق. Abstract The financial markets of the modern era are the focus and concern of economists. The financial markets are the place where the capital and investment funds of companies are traded. Thus they are considered a measure of the economy index of the state and a mirror that reflects the reality of its status and the extent of its activity. The significance of the present study is derived from these important facts. States seek to control and supervise the functioning of these markets in order to prevent manipulation by some market operators, especially brokerage firms as a key player in the process of trading securities. The current study was carried out to enrich the legal library. Also the findings of the present study may motivate law makers to introduce some amendments to related laws and regulations to safeguard the rights of dealers in the stock market. The researcher's approach is the analytical which relies on collecting, analyzing and comparing the material from its primary sources. The researcher divided the study into five chapters. Chapter I dealt with the concept of responsibility in general, and the importance of the stock market, its legitimacy and its regulatory supervision, while the second chapter summarized the concept of brokerage in the stock market and its characteristics. The third chapter dealt with the legal adaptation of the brokerage company and the nature of its work and its licensing. The fourth chapter dealt with the obligations and rights of financial intermediaries in securities. In the fifth chapter, the responsibility of the financial intermediaries in the stock market and its implications was addressed. The results of the current study indicate that the principle of accountability of the brokerage companies for their actions is a public interest and a factor in the success of the market in building a good reputation and gaining the confidence of investors. At the same time, it benefits directly profit-seeking traders. The researcher stressed the need to expedite the implementation of the Law of the Authority for the Regulation of Capital Markets 2016 and the formation of the structures of the administrative authority to ensure the regulation of the relationship between the concerned parties in the financial services sector, especially financial brokerage companies, the definition of responsibilities and the unification of the regulatory bodies and penalties for irregularities and financial speculation that can threaten the stability in the market to be committed by the brokerage companies