المقالات العلمية - كلية النفط والمعادن
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Item Geostatistical Analysis of the Geochemical Dataset from Jebel Abu Tulu, West Kordofan State, Sudan(Nova Explore Publications, 2015-01-10) Siddig Mohamoud Elzien, Khalid Mustafa Kheiralla; Omar Attaj Omar Al-ImamAn integrated geochemical, geostatistical and remote sensing investigation revealed mineralization of the base metals Au, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Mn, Cd, Ag associated with volcanogenic iron deposits in Pan African structures in central Sudan in Jebel Abu Tulu, located 30km west Regel Al-Fula town, West Kordofan State (WKS). Volcanogenic iron ore bodies embedded in low-grade volcano-sedimentary sequences in Abu Tulu area. The iron ore bodies are marked by a gossanic facies (VMS) in NE-SW trending shear zone. The ore grades up to 97.6% total iron and 7.74 g/t Au.. The iron oxide cap at Abu Tulu Hills gives a good value of gold and base metals and millions tones of hematite-magnetite dominated, with lesser kaolinite-sulphate bearing ore from the surface depth.Item Textural Characteristics and Clay Mineralogy of the 'Red Beds’ From the Khanapur Plateau, Maharashtra, India(2016) Elzien S. M, Al-Imam O. A. O; Hamed B. O, Khalid M. KThe Khanapur plateau surface is consisting chiefly of „Red beds‟ which rest uncomfortably over the bed rock basalt which has its weathering profiles. They occurs fan-shaped sedimentary deposits especially in the area around Menganwadi village, Balavadi and Adsadwadi. The sediment can be considered as heterogeneous mixture of various sizes with dominance of fine grained materials. The poorly to very poorly sorted nature of „Red beds‟ indicate that the sediments are most probably deposited in fluvial environment as traction current due to river action. Mineralogy, the XRD and IR and microscopic analysis were used for four constituents; clayey materials, opaques, lithic fragments and iron oxides. However, thus detrital natural minerals have reveal as well as effects of weathering, erosion and transportation. The secondary precipitation of silica and calcite has been taken place along the fractures, bedding planes and cavities or voids in the strata. The SEM show the dominance of fine detrital clays and iron oxides in the „Red beds‟ and effects of solution. The kaolinite mineral appears to be eroded and /or corroded indicated to its detrital and transported in nature.Item Geology and Geophysical Conditions of Land Platform (Karab) Using Resistivity Imaging and Seismic Refraction Survey, Fashaga Area-Gadaref State, Sudan(Open Science, 2015-10) Kheiralla K. M, Salma E. E; Al-Imam O. A. O, Elzien S. MThe purpose of this geophysical investigation is to delineate existence of buried channels filled mainly with natural aggregate (gravel) in the area of proposed dams of Upper Atbara River and Setait River (Fashaga Area). The River Atbara is characterized by a special land platform (badland topography) called the (Karab). The saturation zone in the study area extended under this Karab which needs more investigations. The main objective of the geophysical engineering survey is to determine the surface and subsurface conditions at the proposed site assess the geological engineering condition of proposed site and provide geological engineering data and basis to detailed design. Total of five resistivity profile and three seismic lines were collected and processed. The resistivity imaging coinciding to some extent with the available borehole data drilled in the investigated area, but there is some interference with overlying top soil which has high resistivity value in some profiles. It noticed that from the resistivity imaging investigations the resistivity of gravels or very coarse material can be expected to lie in the range of 300 to 1500 Ohm.m, depending on moisture conditions, and the resistivity values of the Basaltic intrusion lie in the range of 500 to 5000 Ohm.m.so there are some difficulties to differentiate between basaltic intrusion and gravels. Seismic Refraction in Fashaga area shows that the depth to the top of bedrock ranges from 15m to 30m. The interpreted geological section had been made according to geophysical investigation, available borehole data and the geological setting of the area these lines are the dam axis of the Fashaga Area GF02.Item Effects of Coastal Environment Factors on the Geotechnical Properties of Building Materials, Red Sea, Sudan(Open Science, 2015) Al-Imam A. O. A., Elzien S. M; Khieralla K. MDifferent types of building materials were collected from numerous resources reflecting the variations in the depositional environments. Sand, gravels, granite and limestone have been subjected to chemical, physical and mechanical analysis to predict their properties. Sulphate, Chloride and other elements are very essential to determine as hazardous elements affected cement and mortar by chemical reaction. In addition of the shallow groundwater level in the coastal plain, the interaction sea water and carbonate should be considered. Results of geotechnical tests indicated to high quality of these materials which can be used in high-ways and building construction. The geotechnical results mentioned to high concentration of hazardous elements, such as SO4, Cl- and Ca2+ which are directly affected on cement (concrete) and reinforcement. The environmental factors and the distance from the sea are controlling the higher corrosion in the building, whereas, sabkhas have direct effect on foundation and over ground level.Item Use Geographical Information System (GIS) for Creating an Educational Map within the Context of UNESCO -Education for Sustainable Development Program - A Case Study in Red Sea State in Sudan(2015-03) Elawad. H Thowiba, A. M Alsamani; K. M KheirallaThis study aims at creating an educational map for the basic education in the Red Sea state in eastern Sudan within the concept of the sustainable development and UNESCO vision "education for sustainable development" which allows all persons to acquire knowledge, skills, trends and the values necessary for creating a sustainable future. The Red Sea State, despite its strategic geographical location as the public port of Sudan, is considered as the largest areas with high illiteracy and mortality rate of infant and mothers in Sudan according to reports of the national health information center in 2003. Furthermore, the surveys of the United Nations Population Programs in 2004 indicate to high rates of illiteracy and school dropout compared with a decrease in school intake. For these reasons we have selected this state in order to identify the reasons behind the problem and find out the necessary solutions using one of the most helping tools to adopt the required decision representing in geographical information system (GIS) for it has the ability to analyze a large amount of data and information in different pictures making it as an important tool for many sectors to help them in adopting the required decision regarding the designing of strategic plans and future project as well as creating effective and efficient recovery programs in light of the available actual data and information. No doubt, the education sector is considered as the most sectors requiring the application of this technology and utilizes it in planning of educational services and support the decision making process.Item Control Over River Bank Erosion: A Case Study of Ganetti Station, Northern States, Sudan(2015) Kheiralla KM, Siddeg ASThe Ganetti station soil erosion model was used to quantify the amount of runoff in the upper catchment that takes into account effect of land cover change and also how different factors affect surface runoff. The study is constructed using the mathematical modeling language which allows for great flexibility and GIS that uses a raster type representation of the catchment which allows for a detailed representation of the processes. The results show not only the total runoff at the outlet but also the amount of sediment. The overall objectives of this work is to demonstrate bank erosion control using image processing and hydrological model for River bank erosion based on the time series, assess soil erosion in sub-watershed, use Sediment Transport Index (STI) to replace the slope gradient in the revised MMF model and assess erosion prone areas in inaccessible land areas. The Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model is a physically-based model. It represents the failure by shearing of a soil block of variable geometry and the erosion by flow of bank and bank toe material. The effect of toe erosion, vegetative treatments or other bank and bank toe protection measures can be illustrated by calculating the actual Factor of Safety (Fs) of the bank.Item Groundwater Exploration using Integration of Electrical Resistivity Data with Remote Sensing and GIS Data, Northern State –Sudan(2015-06) Dafalla Siddig Dafalla, Khalid Mustafa Kheiralla; Muhammed Ali Hassan DahabRemote sensing and GIS studies have been utilized and aimed to reveal the geological, topographical aspects, as well as to decipher the main lineaments, structural and paleo-drainage patterns. Electrical Resistivity measurements have been carried out in form of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) to show water bearing formations and the aquifer thickness. Remote sensing data revealed general elevation range between 154–588 m (a.m.s.l.), general slope is from North to the south and several primary paleo-drainage systems are clear depicted, the drainage system runs from the south-east to north-west. Resistivity data showed that aquifers are of good permeability and of regional recharge. The recommended depths of the boreholes to be drilled are ranging from 180 m to 240 mItem Integrated ERT and Magnetic Surveys in a Mineralization Zone in Erkowit - Red Sea State - Sudan(2015-01) K.M. Kheiralla, M.A. Mohamed-Ali; M.Y.Abdelgalil, N.E. Moham; G.BoutsisThe present study focus on integrated geophysical surveys carried out in the mineralization zone in Erkowit region, Eastern Sudan to determine the extensions of the potential ore deposits on the topographically high hilly area and under the cover of alluvium along the nearby wadi and to locate other occurrences if any. The magnetic method (MAG) and the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were employed for the survey. Eleven traverses were aligned approximately at right angles to the general strike of the rock formations. The disseminated sulfides are located on the alteration shear zone which is composed of granitic and dioritic highly ferruginated rock occupying the southwestern and central parts of the area, this was confirmed using thin and polished sections mineralogical analysis. The magnetic data indicates low magnetic values for wadi sedimentary deposits in its southern part of the area, and high anomalies which are suspected as gossans due to magnetite formed during wall rock alteration consequent to mineralization. The significant ERT imagesdefinelow resistivity zone as traced as sheared zones which may associated with the main loci of ore deposition. The study designates that correlation of magnetic and ERT anomalies with lithology are extremely useful in mineral exploration due to variations in some specific physical properties of rocks.Item Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Cretaceous Sediments from Al Bauga Area, Bayuda Desert, River Nile State, Sudan(2015-02) Elzien, Hamed, B.O S.M.; Farah, Al-Imam, O.A.O A.A; Mohamed, Kheiralla. K.M A. A; Hussein, A.HGeochemistry; major and trace elements of Al Bauga sediments have been investigated to understand their provenance and tectonic setting. The tectonic discriminant diagrams placed the majority of Al Bauga sediments within the passive margin setting. These sediments generally, are enrich in SiO2 and depleted in K2O and Na2O. The discriminant function diagram of major elements, the enrichment of Zr, Th, La and lack of V, Co and Ni indicate that the source area of most of Al Bauga sediments are felsic provenance.Item Pilling Design in the Continental Shelf of Suakin, Red Sea, Sudan(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher, 2014) Al-Imam, Kheiralla, K. M O. A. O; Elzien, Mohammed A. A S. MThe continental shelf of Suakin characterized by high accumulation of sediment due to the high ratio of sedimentation of these sediments are alluvial, sand, silt muddy silty stone were driven by drainage system pattern in surrounding areas. The coral reef limestone was highly weathered buried beneath the alluvial deposits. The overall objective of this study is to Pilling foundation design in the near shore zone through mixed marine deposits for gas/oil terminal construction. In this study Full-Scale Pile-Test is the best applicable method for taking site specific parameters into consideration. The adhesion value was neglected because it is very small in marine environment comparing with pile capacity and effective stress and surrounding soil condition. The settlement obtained to laboratory tests and the consolidation index was used for predication which is between 3.0 -11.5cm.