اثر استخدام طريقتي الاكتشاف الموجة والمحاضرة في تحصيل المعرفة والاحتفاظ بها في مادة الكيمياء لطلاب وطالبات الصف الثاني الثانوي بولاية الخرطوم بالسودان

Abstract

Abstract This study came under the title ‘The Effect of the Use of Discovery-and i-Lecture Methods on the Achievement and Retention of knowledge in Chemistry to the students of Secondary Schools —Second Year-in Khartoum State for the academic years 2001-2003-Sudan‘. It aims at comparing the effect of the use of Guided Discovery Method in the achievement of the second year students in Khartoum State and checking their retention of chemistry infonnation compared with the ‘Lecture Method’ in teaching. This study also aims at identifying the prevailing methods that have long been used in teaching chemistry in the schools of this State. Moreover, it aims at knowing the schools facilities needed for the use of Guided Discovery Method in teaching chemistry as well as the obstacles that hinder the use of this method. . In collecting data, the researcher adopted the empirical method. He designed a specific "Atom-Structure Unit in Chemistry" for high schools -second class. This designed unit was taught to a randomly- selected group of students composed of 180 (female and male) subjects. The 180 students were equally divided into two groups; the empirical group and the controlling group.The experiment was carried out at Bahrry Model Secondary School for Boys and Muhideen Wahbi Model Secondary School for Girls. The empirical group was taught by Guided _Discov_ery Method, while the controlling group was taught by Lecture Method ‘: The researcher taught both groups himself and then he prepared an achievement test, which was administered afier the endlof the experiment. Then, it was repeated after three months tomeasure the students’ retention. The researcherfollowed the descriptive method by preparing a questionnaire given to a randomly-selected group of teachers (a hundred male and female teachers) who teach chemistry at the secondary schools in Khartoum State. Another questionnaire was given to a randomly —selected sample composed of ten inspectors who supervise the teaching of chemistry at the secondary schools in Khartoum State .The results of the study revealed the superiority of the empirical group over the controlling group in the academic achievement and in the retention of scientific knowledge. However, there was no effect for the gender —variable in the academic achievement and in the retention of scientific knowledege.The results also revealed that most of the chemistry teachers in Khartoum State adopt the "Lecture Method" in teaching chemistry, while the Guided- Discovery Method is rarely adopted. The research also showed that the school facilities hinder the use and practice of the Guided -Discovery Method. _ The study recommends the reconsideration of the objectives, the contents, the chemistry teaching methods and the teaching aids being used ".Moreover, the study recommends that the teaching aids should match the nature of chemistry as a scientific subject. Finally, it recommends the reconsideration of the number of students in classes; that each class should not exceed a certain number of students that suits the use of modern techniques in teaching chemistry.