تامين المحاصيل واهميته في التنمية الاقتصادية : دراسة مقارنة التجارب بعض الدول

Abstract

Abstract Insurance produces various services. It represents the echo of the economic activities in various productive sectors. There are, many branches insurance; such as the agricultural insurance which plays a basic role in the protection of farmers, against loss in production. ' The concept of agricultural insurance is based on the distribution of the losses which results from the various agricultural risks. Agricultural insurance started some time ago. But, it is a recently Introduced in some countries, especially, the developing countries. The role of the insurance companies is to provide protection of crops against risks, through re-insurance. But, the limited re-insurance market, made re-insurance weak and not attractive; because of the major risks. Thus, most countries had to support this industry (especially the advanced countries). Such support and subsidy became very large, in relation to farmers. This assists both the insurance companies and the farmers, as there major losses in this field. As for the developing countries, the contribution of the government in the support of agricultural insurance is week. Thus, it cannot be considered an important and supporting element in encouraging insurance companies to delve into the agricultural insurance. It is, also noted that the risks in the advanced developed countries are few, while in the developing countries are plenty and numerous. ' On light of the above, this study is an attempt to study some of the experiences of some countries, in agricultural insurance and benefit from them, in reality; and find out whether agricultural insurance has any significance in economic development. Likewise, it is found that the agricultural pattem, with both of their types: the semi commercial and the specialized, have the agricultural operations done through them. These operations are the cornerstone of the life of the developing countries. They are also an agricultural activity which cares for the most important human needs which are related to the life and survival of the human race; especially in this age in which the population density had greatly increased. Moreover, agriculture is an activity which absorbs a major portion of the work force and a contributor to the National Income. Yet; there are natural, economic and social risks; which affects the basic variables; and keep the economic balance of the developing and developed countries intact. The agricultural insurance, then, has a role to play in the reduction of risk which were divided; in accordance with the types of money, personal and responsibilities insurance. Countries had focused, in their varied interests, on securing food, supervision over agricultural insurance and management, the diffusion of awareness, the combat of desertification, the neutralization of geographical regions, the types of insurance cover (whether individual, complex or collective) and the basis of agricultural insurance. There is, also, the method of managing agricultural insurance with its three methods: the funds, companies and pools; where the developed and developing countries and experiments in agricultural insurance. Each experiment had its own risks according to its environment, method of fmancing, premium subsidy and dismantling risks to reduce losses. Many of the modern countries which operate in the field of agricultural insurance had benefited from these experiments; by finding plant