الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في عصر الخلفاء الراشدين

Abstract

Abstract This study deals with the social and economical life during the era of the guiding Calipha . It is composed of an introduction and four chapters. The introduction ‘is deals the social and economical life during the pre-Islamic era and llriongh the early time of lslam. ., chapter One: Deals with social and economical life during the era of prophet Mohammed {God Bless his soul }and his caliphs Abu Baker El Sidig and how he was installed and his wars agaist the infidels who disobey him and dis — Conferted lslam. Chapter two : ' Deals with the era of calpha Omer Ibn Al Katab Which was the longest period of the other caliphs .It is characterized by the stability , peace and the flourishing of trade and economical conditions and shows how the calipha Omer was fair and just in dividing the ‘Ghanima’ _ Chapter three : V Deals with the era of calipha Osman Ibn Afan in which the Islamic state reached it’s zenith of expansion. The results of these expansion was a low of income to the treasury the social and economical conditions changed and the luxury life become clear. Also this era witnessed the Muslims differences in Egypt, Kufa and Bisra, that led to the assassination of capital Osman, with the argument that he was in dined to his relations ambitiousness. However, Califa Osman was respectful, sincere and honest. His assassination was the final military crisis in the Islamic State. Chapter four: Deals with the era of Califa Ali Ibn Abi Talib who made efforts to stop the declined in the state, and stopped the riots and maintained peace. He affouided the causes which the later calipha had created, but unfortunately he was also assassinated in.