الخط العربي : جذورة وتطورة بإشارة خاصة للخط السوداني

Abstract

Abstract Universig: Al-Neelain University. College: rt. Department: Documentation “Libraries”. Tit e of Research: Arabic calligraphy, its origin and development, with special reference to the Sudanese calligraphy. The Researcher: Hlyam Mustafa Abdou. Supervisor: Prof. Gasim Osman Nor. Date: Oct, 2004. - Generally, writing is one of the oldest events in human history. Many centuries have passed when man has been communicat_ing either with gestures or sounds and each human group had unique feature of communication. This has been the case until man discovered the early form of writing through pronunciation and listening which have given rise to emergence of writing in ancient people such as Semites, Sumerians, Ashurians, Chaldeans and Phoenicians. At that time, writing had been associated with engraving. Writing has been expressed through drawing and shapes. However, there were conflicting views regarding the origin of Arabic writing, some views stated that Arabic calligraphy has been influenced by surrealism. It has been said that Arabic calligraphy has originated from Masand Al-Hemairi calligraphy other said historians have confirmed that it originated from Al-Nabati calligraphy and it writings resembles the Arabic one. Arabic calligraphy has attained special attention in the early days of Islam because it was used for preserving Holy Quran. Quran was writing during Osman bn Afan reign. As time passed inclination and dotting have been introduced and various types of calligraphies emerged and developed giving rise to various schools and calligraphy pioneers. New designs of calligraphies have emerged in the Arab world, his has led to revival and development of new types of calligraphy. However, flexibility of Arabic letters help in preserving the Islamic religion heritage whichhas become an Islamic civilization documentary or record.