المهام الإدارية، والإشرافية لمدير المدرسة الثانوية العامة الأكاديمية في الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية العظمى (دراسة تحليلية تقويمية)

Abstract

المستخلص باللغة العربية: تستمد الدراسة أهميتها من أهمية المرحلة الثانوية، وما تمثله من أبعاد إنسانية، وتربوية، واجتماعية في تشكيل حياة الفراد، ومن أهمية دور مدير المدرسة الثانوية كونه عنصراً هامً من عناصر العملية التربوية في مجالت التغيير، والتطوير بما يناسب أهداف التربية، ا ويحقق طموحاتها وفق متطلبات الحاضر، وتحديات المستقبل . وتكمن كذلك في أن التعرف على الصعوبات، والمشكلت، والتحديات التي تواجه تحديث العملية التعليمية، والتربوية، والدارية بالمرحلة المذكورة، وتأمين الحلول المناسبة؛ لها من شأنه أن يدفع بالعملية التربوية إلى الفضل، ويسهم في تحقيق الهداف، .ويزيد من فاعلية الجهود النسانية المبذولة في ميدان التربية من هذه البعاد أولت الدراسات التربوية مدير المدرسة الثانوية العامة الكاديمية . كبيرً لما له من أثر مباشر، وفعال على ميدان التربية اهتماما ا وتتضاعف أهمية دراسة الدارة بالتطورات، والتحديات الجتماعية، والتربوية السريعة التي يواجهها نظام التعليم، وفي مدى أهمية الخدمات الدارية، والتعليمية لتوجيه . ين قدراتهم، ويحقق رغباتهم ّ نمو المعلمين، والمتعلمين بما مي وكذلك تبدو أهمية الدراسة في أنها تجرى على أهم فئات العملية التربوية أل وهي فئة المعلمين الذين يمثلون أسس العملية التعليمية، والتربوية، وترجمة الخطط ، والبرامج .إلى واقع تعليمي ملموس وتهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على المهام الدارية، والشرافية لمدير المدرسة الثانوية في ليبيا، وكذلك معرفة الفروق في تقديرات المعلمين، والمعلمات لوجود تلك . المهام -: عّينة الدراسة جيدً ومناسبًا، تم اختيار لتحديد عّينة ذات حجم كاف لتمثيل مجتمع الدراسة تمثيل ا، جميع أفراد العّينة من المعلمين ( ) الذكور ، ووقع الختيار على معلمه من مجموع المعلمات اللئي بلغ عددهم (1037 (أي بنسبة 33 ، %وبذلك (343( معلمً ومعلمة من إجمالي مجتمع الدراسة، يكون إجمالي أفراد العّينة المختارة (574 (ا، .% والبالغ عدده (1268 (أي بنسبة 26.45 وكذلك شملت عّينة الدراسة جميع مديري المدارس حيث بلغت (26 (مديراً منهم .(24 (ذكور و(2 (إناث ولن عّينة الدراسة توزعت في أماكن متباعدة فانه من الفضل الستعانة بأداة يتم من خللها الحصول على معلومات، وبيانات تتمتع بالدقة، لذا فقد استعانت الدراسة بالستبيان كأداة من أدوات جمع المعلومات، والحقائق وتم إعداد استبيان لهذا الغرض، كونه وسيله شائعة الستعمال في الدراسات الوصفية، ويستخدم على نطاق، واسع في البحوث التربوية، كما أن حجم عّينة الدراسة وتوزيع أفرادها على جملة من المدارس المتناثرة حمل الباحث على العتقاد بأن الستبيان، وما يتميز به من خصائص . مختلفة أداة ملئمة لطبيعة الدراسة وحرصً على تكامل الدراسة، وشموليتها لرصد أراء جميع الطراف الذين لهم علقة ا . (بموضوع الدراسة تم تصميم استبيان للمعلمين (ذكور، وإناث وكذلك مديرو المدارس، وأشتمل الستبيان نفس البيانات، والفقرات. واعتمدت الدراسة في تطبيق أداتها على أسلوب التصال المباشر، وبلغ عدد الستمارات( 574 (استمارة، واستبعدت منها (29 (استمارة تخص المعلمين، والمعلمات بسبب نقص في الدلء بالبيانات المطلوب الجابة عليها، وعدم رغبة بعضها الخر في المشاركة بالدراسة، وكذلك عدد(4 (استمارات تخص مديرو المدارس منهم اثنتان تخص مديرات . المدارس حيث امتنعت أحدهن، والخرى لم تسترجع استمارة الستبيان وانتهت نسبة المشاركة بالنسبة لمديري، ومديرات المدارس إلى نسبة إجمالية تبلغ .(84 (%من مجموع أفراد العينة وأوصت الدراسة بالتي الكتفاء بالعداد للتدريس، والعتماد عليه كأساس لوظيفة مدير المدرسة ل يستند .1 علمي وتربويًا، ً إلى أسس علمية سليمة، وعليه فأن إعداد مديري المدارس الثانوية ا، ومهنيا، يعد أمراً حيويا لتحقيق النجاح، وعليه يجب أن يتم تدريب، وإعداد كل من يتم عالي في مجال الدارة ً تدريب وإعدادا ، وتأهيلً ا ً اختياره لوظيفة مدير المدرسة الثانوية ا، المدرسية، والشراف الفني حتى يمكن له قيادة المدرسة قيادة تربوية سليمة، ويكون مهنيً لقيادته الواعية أثر على نمو المعلمين، والمتعلمين ا استحداث إدارة بأمانة التعليم ( بوزارة التعليم ) العالي يكون من اختصاصها إعداد، .2 وتوفير ملك خاص بالداريين ينظم قواعد اختيارهم، وترقيتهم، وتحديد واجبا تهم، حتى يمكن حفز القادرين، والراغبين في العمل بوظيفة مديري مدارس على البداع في هذه .الوظيفة توفير المكانيات المادية، والبشرية، والعلمية ويقصد بالخيرة الستشارات .3 الفنية،والتربوية، والمهنية على صورة كتب، أو نشرات، أو أشرطة أو ندوات، أو .مؤتمرات مهنية، وعلميه، وتربوية إعادة النظر في بعض اللوائح الدارية في ضوء التطور العلمي، والمهني الذي .4 تشهده الدارة، والتغيرات التي حدثت في أساليب عملها وتنوع مجالتها ، حتى تتمكن .من مواكبة تلك التطورات ضرورة العمل على أعداد دليل لترشيد، وتوجيه، ومعاونة مدير المدرسة مستخلصا من نتائج الدراسات، وتوصيات المؤتمرات، والندوات التربوية التي تتعلق بمجال الدارة التربوية . المستخلص باللغة النجليزية: The academic general secondary school stage the subject matter of the research is considered the most important stages of building alerted human being for the society matters surrounding him . and he is able to take up his responsibilities towards himself and others . And accordingly the society relay on this stage significantly in accomplishing its aims , and planning its objectives and that is through the development of individual and personal abilities in science and knowledge . Accordingly educational plans in Libyan Jamahiriya are made and funds are allocated while provisions and essential needs are made available , in addition to staff formation , and easing the difficulties facing the workers so that all, each from his position can carryout his role completely and to be an active individual . As curriculum development and their improvement , providing educational facilities and construction of schools according to education l and scientific principles , and preparation of educational plans of the fundamental issues which contribute in the success of the scientific education – on it importance , all the requirements and capabilities remain disable to accomplish its aims unless an efficient administration is available to improve administrating those principles and to utilize those capabilities . As the administration is the element which can't be spared out in any educational system while performing its role in the best manner . Recognizing these issues and others , as the law of education and teaching in Al Jamahiriya included in some of its texts and articles emphasis on determining the aspects and tasks of academic general secondary school principal , and considering the principal of that school as the prime leader of his teachers and learners and all workers with him in the schools but even to the society as a whole . Educational process is not any more limited in its function within the school fence but exceeds that and moved to the society to match society ambitions and to accomplish its aims . Administration is not any more considered a mean of organizing files and keeping record of absentees but it became operating to provide the suitable circumstances for a suitable educational process. "There is an assumption that the school principal is specialized with greater degree of knowledge and skills in the educational process which leaves the teacher in the role of an executer only , who obeys the orders and guidance of his principal ." Study Aim : The study aimed at defining the administrative and supervisory tasks of the secondary school principal in Libya and determining the differences in the appreciation of those tasks by the teachers – male and female . The study questions focused in a group of questions related to administrative and supervisory tasks of the general secondary school principal and whether there was differences in opinions between teachers male and female through their appreciation of the existence of those tasks on one hand and the schools principals on the other hand . Due to the nature of the study and as per its aims and assumption , it was necessary to use descriptive surveying curriculum as it is considered an important one among educational research curriculum , which lead to the formulation of a series of important principles in knowledge and practical problem solution . Study Sample : The study society included all academic general secondary school teachers in Al Zawia city 2003-2004 in addition to principals male and female of those schools , the total number of teacher amounted to 1268 teachers( male and female ) , among which 231 male teachers i.e. 100% and 343 female teachers i.e. 30% . Accordingly the overall study sample become ( 574 ) meal and female teachers off the total study society amounted to 1268 male and female teachers i.e. 45.26% . The study didn’t deal with those schools in which the full spectrum of secondary stage classes is not accomplished as it is the case in recently formed schools in order to ensure the suitable equal circumstances for all individuals of the study society . And in order to determine a sample in a sufficient size to represent the society properly and suitability it is decided to select all the sample individuals of male teachers 100% and it is decided to select 343 female teachers of the total female teachers (1037) equivalent to 30% , thus the total number of the individuals in the selected sample is 574 teachers male and female of the total study society which amount to 1268 i.e. 45.26 % . The study sample also included total number of schools principals (24) , among which 22 meal principals and 2 female principal's. Study Tools : And since the study sample is spread over distant places , it was better to use a tool that enables obtaining information and data with accuracy , thus the use of questionnaire as one of the tools to collect information and facts , the questionnaire was designed for that purpose as it is a commonly used means in the descriptive studies and utilized widely in the educational researches , moreover the study sample size and the distribution of individuals over scattered schools lead the researcher to believe that the questionnaire is a suitable tool for the nature of the study , for its characteristics features. Questionnaire preparation and its design and producing it in its final image went through various stages among which determining the fields of questionnaire and its construction , as previous related studies and educational literature were utilized , as they dealt with the administration issue in all aspects in order to be comprehensive as much as possible and to ensure its comprehension and inclusion of all the dimensions and issues then to display it before a number of sample individuals . And the arbitrary committee of Al Ejlla University lecturer , and experts of Education and workers in the education bureaus , and amendment , modification and omission of some of its articles is done according to opinions and evaluations of those who assessed it . And in order that the study is complete and inclusive of the opinions of parties related to the study subject , two questionnaires were designed one concerns teachers male and female and the other for schools principals , with the same data and articles , and the study adopted the direct communication approach in the implication of its tool . And the number of forms was 574 , and 29 forms concerning the male and female teachers were discarded due to lack of data and unwillingness in participation in the study . Also there are 4 forms concerning the schools principals off which two concerning female principals one of them didn’t want to participate while the other form was received . RESULTS : Then results and data were analyzed and the study was concluded in the following results : 1- School principals perform on a series of administrative tasks always and continuously and that was indicated by all the study sample . 2- School principals don't perform their educational tasks always and continuously but from time to time . 3- School principals don't carry out their supervisory tasks towards students in continuous manner . 4- Male and female teachers agree together in their evaluation of their school principals level of services , and contradict with their principals in that regard . 5- School principals don't carry out their supervisory tasks regarding curriculum and teaching methods and educational facilities in continuous manner . 6- Male and female teachers point out that their school principals don't carry out their duties with regard to evaluation process . while Scholl principals emphasis otherwise . 7-School principals emphasis that they make all the efforts regarding the local society , and the teachers (male and female ) believes otherwise. 8- Female teachers demonstrated that their school principals don't perform their tasks regarding the school environment and the school organization , while teachers and school principals s emphasis other wise . RECOMMENDATIONS : According to the study results the following recommendations may be suggested : 1- Contentment with the numbers for teaching and reliance on it as the bases of school principal task doesn't have any proper scientific bases . Accordingly secondary school principals preparation scientifically and educationally is a vital matter to accomplish success , thus training and preparation should be applied to all who are selected for the post of secondary school principal , and training and preparation leading to highly qualified individuals in the field of school administration and technical supervision . so that to enable him to provide the school with the proper educational guidance , and in order to ensure that his alerted guidance produces its influence in the professional growth of teachers and learners . 2- Establishing an administration in the ministry of higher education which may be specialized with preparing and providing carder concerned with administrators . 3- Provide materialistic , humanitarian and scientific (technical , educational and professional consultation on books pictures , brochures , tapes seminars and professional , scientific and educational conferences) potentials . 4- Reviewing some of the administrative regulations in the light of scientific and professional development witnessed by the administration and the changes which has happened in the mode of their operation and versatility of its field s , in order to be able to coop with those developments . 5-Neccessity of working to prepare a directory to provide guidance and direction and assisting the school principal , which is stemmed from results of studies and conferences , educational seminars recommendations which are related with the field of educational administration .