الصراع الحضاري في السودان الاوسط : دراسة تحليلية في اسباب الصراع ومالاتة بالتركيز علي الصراع في تشاد في الفترة من 11996 - 22000

Abstract

Abstract ' This study examines the phenomenon of human conflict in its global fonn, the reader may immediately notice that this study has gradually moved through four main stages: the first one gave a theoretical abstract review of the ancient and the recent theories which discussed the problems of human conflict. In the 2"“ stage, we dealt with the issue of conflict in Africa. The 3'd stage reviewed the process of civilizational conflict while the last stage examined the conflict in Tchad as a case study. This thesis basically assumes that all destructive conflicts which has been experienced in Africa today are the outcomes of the cultural conflict that took place between the Islamic and the Occidental Civilization. This is quite applicable to the regions in Africa that — once in their l1istory- knew arecognized cultural progress such as: the Sudanic Belt, Eastem and Northern Africa. While the heavy colonial legacy stands as the apparent cause of conflicts in the part of the continent that never witnessed such progress: (the South of the Sudanic Belt). This thesis has tackled a number of issues of particular interest in the domain of African studies, e.g. “the slavery”, some of modern ideological movements and tendencies like: Pan-Africanism, “Negrotide” and “Authenticity” which were, in majority, reactionary movements against the shock generated by the colonialism and its policies aimed at dispersing the unity of nations and peoples. This study includes five major chapters other than an introduction and a conclusion. Each chapter is divided into a number of sections: the 15' chapter presents acomprehensive theoretical review for the theories that dealt with the issue of “conflict” in its classical or contemporary forms. Moreover, it discusses the “conflict" in Africa. The 2"d chapter offers a detailed analysis of the conflict between the Islamic and the occidental civilizations since the beginning of the nineteenth century up to its end with the resulting consequences. The 3“ chapter is the a comprehensive review of Tchad regarding all its historical, geographical, economic and social aspect of life. The 4‘ chapter reviews the history of the period of French colonization to Tchad between 1900-1960. It point out the resistance made by “the Sanousi Movement” in Northern Tchad as well as the resistance of the people of Dar Waddai. The 5"‘ (the last) chapter is composed of nine sections. It is a comprehensive analysis of the Tchado —Tchadian conflicts since the independence in 1960 till tlle National Salvation Movement (MPS) came to power in the summer of I990, where the study ends. The study has arrived at important conclusions which can reliable to answer many questions concerning the cause of conflicts in Africa as general and in Tchad in particular. Moreover, there are a number of recommendations, which, if taken into consideration, can pave the way to put an end to conflicts. This study has been annexed with a list of references and sources, which the scholar consulted in this work in addition to the appendix.