العوامل الجغرافية و دورها في البناء السياسي و الوحدة الوطنية في ليبيا

Abstract

Abstract The study dealt with one of the political dimensions affecting geographical topics in the personality of the State and the subject of study geographical factors and their role in building the political and national unity in Libya. The study aimed to identify the natural and human factors in Libya, which directly contribute to the political structure of the state and the role of these factors in the cohesion or disintegration of national unity in Libya this study and tried to reach a crystallizing vision for the future of the impact of these factors. To achieve the study was to use many of the curriculum, including morphological approach by studying the land occupied by the State in terms of shape and different geographical phenomenon , and its role in determining the whole Geoastertjah State and political presence. The historical approach that demonstrates the emergence of the state and its historical development and the political in the light of the ancient and modern historical events. Then analytical method that describes the phenomenon of political unity in terms of geographical dimensions of the spatial and temporal until identify the strengths and weaknesses of the internal state which qualifies them for her role on the domestic scene variables to fasten the development of all its territories. The study relied on secondary sources of books, theses and research papers, journals and conferences. It is the primary sources in the field study using observation and inspection of individual and official interviews and popular ones. However, the collection of this information has faced major difficulties was the security situation in Libya which led to a lack researcher for detailed information and interviews in the ministries and competent institutions that have been burning and destruction of most of the important and statistics documents and reports to the competent resulting in a failure to obtain them. The study found many of the results can be mentioned in brief - There exploitation of natural resources and their use in the development and infrastructure and linking the cities by a network of roads and 8 establishment of industrial vehicles around the Gulf of Sirte desert to fill the vacuum and connect the east and west. But we find there neglect and marginalization of some cities in the south and the mountain due to several reasons, including financial and administrative corruption in the state and this marginalization and exclusion may generate problems affecting the political reconstruction and national unity. - There is a disparity in the distribution of wealth to the regions and cities in spite of the development of several development plans, but these plans were not replace the interest of successive governments, which in effect increase the throttles and the lack of justice between regions and cities. - Harsh natural factors directly affected the migration from rural and mountainous and marginal areas to the cities, especially after the discovery of oil which has increased the gap and the gap in deepening disparity between urban and rural areas, which affects the demographic change in some border areas. - There may be calculated a positive role in internal migration, a spread of tribes and families due to the same assets in many cities which may help in bonding and prevent any attempt to break-up or separation. - Lack of attention and follow-up of successive governments has led to the emergence of many of the problems on the surface, a lack of development of those areas that suffer from lack of services led to the declaration of Cyrenaica and Fezzan federal regions, although it has not received acceptance, but it is a serious indicator must be remedied. - There are a variety of reasons prevent reliance on sound scientific foundations and this causes political represented in the political system and economic lack of justice in wealth and the structure of the distribution is the presence of old structures and administrative organs have not changed all that have a major impact in the adoption of those foundations. The study included a number of recommendations addressed to the planners and politicians in Libya, where it is and in spite of the achievements that have been achieved in the country, but it is produced at the same time several cons must work to correct them in the future, and 9 can be considered as a key ingredient for future work to preserve the national unity of Libya These recommendations are: - Completion of the regional geological mapping projects in the south. - Strengthening the policy of decentralization in management and local governance and the promotion of joint action. - Begin to project the highway dual link between the east and west. - Improve the economic conditions of the population affected and marginalized areas through the development of programs aimed at eradicating poverty and reducing migration to the cities and prevent the demographic change for those areas. - Continue to develop and support the territory of the Gulf of Sirte and the provision of all the requirements of life in it. - Encourage studies specializing in natural and human resources and exploitation of scientific research. - Benefit from the experiences of countries and international institutions in related fields. - The involvement and support and assistance of the private sector in development. - The development of national manpower and increase the scientific efficiency.