التنمية الزراعية بولاية نهر النيل : دراسة حالة على محافظة شندي
Date
2006
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
جامعة النيلين
Abstract
Abstract
Development in my time and place is a humanitarian duty;
Therefore, this study is for the achievement of the agricultural
development in Shandi Province in the River Nile State.
This research targets to know the agricultural factors in the
area from its natural aspects, and the agricultural areas, it also targets
to review the problems that face the agricultural development in the
area and the attempt to deduct the possible solutions.
On the light of the above two target, the researcher attempts to
draw an agricultural investment map of the area, in which be tries to
get rid of the problems that face the agriculture and accompany all
unutilized arable lands, for the aim of creating sustainable
complementary development in the area, which raise the land
productivity and provide he required crops for Khartoum area, and
also bring in an economical income for the farmer in the area, a
matter which encourage him to practice the agricultural work.
This study comprises seven chapters. The first Chapter treats
the research methodology, the plan the discussion methodology of
the research elements. The Second Chapter deals with the geography
of the study area of the nature and the population which the
agriculture depends on. In the fourth Chapter, the researcher review
the agricultural activity in the area, the working schemes in the area,
their production and the factors of the production. The Fifth Chapter
in preparation of drawing a map that avoids these problems. treats
tlieiproblems which face the agriculture in the study area In he Sixth
Chapter. Then the lay down of he solutions on the light of the
reached results in Chapter seven.
The researcher performed this study by using the inductive
scientific methodology, and analyzed the collected data from the
primary sources depending on the statistical methodology.
Then the researcher reached the following results:-
1 - The greatest generating schemes in Shendi area are: Kaboshiya
scheme and Kondiko agricultural scheme, but Aljihad agricultural
scheme stopped. The greater agricultural land area is about 14600
square feddans, and the agricultural land under construction which is
occupied by schemes of more than 1000 feddans in area reach about
67500 square feddans. There are schemes for individuals which are
1528 forms and occupy on area of about 35390 square feddans, that
means they are greater in area tan the working and stopping
governmental schemes, and its greater in area than the cooperative
and investment greater schemes in the area.
These operating schemes and under construction differ in its
developmental trends. There are fluctuations in the planted areas by
increase of decrease in the different seasons, that means there is
fluctuation in the development trend, in the agricultural schemes in
the area. Ilutthe general cause of the total area witnessed a general
decrease in the lat ten years.
2 - There are human and natural problems face the agriculture.
The physical problems are represented in the sand creeping but the
"Miscate" tree planted for combating the desertification had crept
into the agriclilttlral land, and blocked the water camels in some
areas, a matter which formed a burden on the farmer and the state.
Also the diffusion of the agricultural bugs along the planted areas at
the River Banks has a negative impart on the produced crops
quantities and on the material return. The combating of these bugs
by hands aggravates the problem and provides the suitable
enviromnent for its growth in the coming seasons.
The problem of the decrease of the soil productivity is a joint
problem between the physical factor and the human factor. The soil
exclusion resents from the non-age of agricultural rotation twice or
three times annually. The researcher found that the farmers can't
differentiate between the agricultural rotation and the annual
agricultural seasons.
The human problem envisaged in: The meatiness of the financing
which depends on the poor farmer, who decreases the fertilizers
quantities and the pesticides, and the endorsement of the seeds from
the producer instead of the use of the improved seeds. This results in
weak production. Also the weak use of the agricultural mechanics or
due to the few numbers of machines, on the inability of the fanner to
vent them. Also from the problems then defects of the migration due
to the engineering difficulties, pasture growth, miskate trees at some
parts of the governmental agricultural schemes, the maintenance
needs of the pumps and the original spear ports. The result ‘is
administering of the planted area.
3 - The demisting of the planted areas in the oven due to the
abandomnent of the land lords to their private farms due to social
and economical reasons. e.g. this problem has no clear features
presently due to the family agreement factor. But the problem
appears in the population abandonment of practicing the agriculture
and their migration to outside the province or to Shendi towns or to
the rest of the state towns.
The researcher see that there are demographical changes in the study
area represented in the migration of the population from outside the
state In a tribal groups to inside the state, specially Shendi province,
and their entrance in disputes with the native population on the
usage of the rural and residential land.
Although, the agricultural land is hereditary.’ There are few
farmers who have documents that confirm their ownership. These
lands are subject to be but between the disputers, and hence the
agricultural productivity can be diminish in the future.
4 — An agricultural investment map drawed for the study area in
which physical features of the area, with putting into consideration
the a commercial targets in the following:
a - The actual existing agricultural schemes, which the researcher
recommends their presentation with the improvement of the
agricultural environment.
b- The forestry belts domain: It is divided into two parts:
Around the mobile sand dunes. It is compared of wood trees which
can be used for the production of wood. The second part is around
the fixed sand dugs in which the fruit trees shall be planted for the
purpose of protection of the environment, and the possibility of
planting the sdil by trees and achievement of an economical retum
from the agriculture.
c- The wheat domain: Wheat is planted in the flat clay plains by
the side of the Wadi Blhawad and Wadi Alawateep, and the
immigration shall be by the use of seeds which been these features,
and with the use of a tripartite rotation in which the animal will be
introduced. i
d- The Drua and Animal husbandry domain: The researcher
suggests that the animals farms shall be south of the province where
the slight soil layer allows he grow of pasture and the dura plantation
shall be at the area of the alluvial east of Wadi Alawateep and S. of
the main root and the immigration shall be by spraying from the
wells. This site is distinguished by its nearness to the consumption
areas of extemal and intemal towns, and the easy contact via the
surface transport seems and the railways.
e- The Honti culture Domeain: The researcher recommends to be
in a criminal from around the towns at the old alluvial sediments and
at the maderas areas of the mode men recommendations conceming
the easing of the physical and human difficulties which face the
agriculture in the area for the target of its development and the
increase of the land productivity with parting into account the
sustainable development which sustains the resources for the coming
generation.
Description
Keywords
التنمية الزراعية, الجغرافيا