الحياة الحزبية في عهد امارة شرق الاردن (1921-1946)

Abstract

Abstract Political life in the era of the Emirate of Transjordan . (1 921 -1 946 AD) This study aims to shed light on the reality of the political parties in the era of the Emirate of Transjordan (what later became Jordan), since the announcement of the establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan in 1921 until its declaration of independence from the British-Mandate in 1946. Moreover, it tries to highlight the struggle of the people of Jordan against the policies of looting and repression exercised by the policies of the British Mandate, and how frequent uprisings represented a milestone and a quantum leap in the formulation of the pan-Arab ideology of many intellectuals and Arab politicians as well as their nationalism parties’. Furthermore, The presented study is intend to offer a comprehensive map of the political parties in the Emirate of Transjordan , and provide the names of the most prominent leaders and symbols , as well as documentation of’community groups that formed the opposition forces in the east of the Jordan Besides that, it aims to emphasize the struggle of political parties against the Zionist penetration in Transjordan in a critical period life that drew the region's future map, also to clarify the role of political parties in the formation of the democratic and Legislative, which has contributed to the establishment of the parliamentary body and enriched legislatures Parliamentary. The importance of this study is that it is one of the qualitative studies that address the definition of the role of political parties in the political history and legislative enactment of laws. Also it describes its economic role in that period, moreover it defines the role of political parties in the era of the emirate in detecting and exposing the colonial Zionist, and warns of suspicious projects in the east of the Jordan, also it clarifies the leaders of a tribalism role by taking advantage of their position in society, their wealth and is harnessed for the sake of the national struggle. In addition, it shows different methods of oppression and persecution used by the British Mandate authorities against the nationals.The study uses historical methodology in detecting and analyzing the facts The stady is divided into six chapters. The introductory chapter conclusion the geography of Jordan and its importance as well as its demography. in addition, it presents the development of'the East Jordan under Ottoman rule in terms of administrative divisions, the political movements, the Great Arab Revolt, and the

development of Transjordan political life before the founding of the emirate. The rest of this thesis is organized as follows. _ Chapter One talks about the emergence of political parties, and defines the legal framework which regulating the parties activities, as well as the motives for the formation of these parties besides their ideology. Moreover, it introduces brief biographies of their leaders. The chapter two discusses the relationship between the political parties and the British Mandate authorities. Also, it shows the parties vision of the emirate establishment and its opinion of the Jordanian-British treaty which was concluded in 1928. Chapter three examines the main roles of political parties, as it demonstrates the parties role in the establishment of legislative councils, also it shows the contributions of the parties in the work of legislatures. Furthem1ore, chapter four presents the economic role of political parties, and discusses the general economic conditions in the emirate and it observes the parties contributions in economic terms. Moreover, chapter five deals with the political parties‘ role in the East -Jordan independence, as well as its opinion on the Jordanian-British convention which was concluded in 1946. Chapter six discusses the role of parties in the external relations of the Emirate through the parties’ vision of the issues regarding the Arab nation. Also, it discusses the parties’ relationship with’the neighbouring countries. While the last part is a summary of this thesis, including the conclusions we have drawn from our study which can be summarized as follows: 1. Most of the Jordanian political parties have chosen a peaceful resistance against the British Mandate. . 2. None of these parties had regular activities or constant actions. ln many cases, it was moving either because of crises or because of particular events. ' 3. The emergence of the personal dimension in the formation of these parties and their dependence on the influence of the elders and the leaders of districts, this shortcoming was reflected heavily on the role of political parties and their activities. 4. Despite the repressive policy of the Mandate authorities, most parties adhered to a main requirement which was the unity of Natural Syria.