The Epidemiological Pattern of Iodine Deficiency Disorder White Nile State-Sudan

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Iodine deficiency gives rise to hypothyroidism and it is considered the significant public health problem in 118 countries. At least 1,572 million people worldwide are estimated to be at risk of iodine deficiency disorders .In Sudan, it considered a serious health problems in many areas. The overall objective was to explore the epidemiological pattern of iodine deficiency disorders in White Nile State aiming to generate information for planning control program at the state level. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in White Nile State in which the populations was estimated by 173 0588, the age group ranged between (10 years- and above) of both sexes, using stratified sampling technique. 399 venous blood specimen Sml, 250 urine samples were randomly collected from all study subjects who were diagnosed or suspected as goiter patients from three teaching hospitals , 6 private surgeon clinics and 4 health insurance centers. In addition one liter of drinking water specimen of different sources was randomly collected fiom each locality in the state. Blood serum and urinary iodine were detected by radio immune assay and spectrophotometer method respectively whereas drinking water was cultured for contamination with bacteria by multiple tube method. statistical package (SPSS) version 18.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH among the studied subjects showed to be 2.6 1 2.3 lulu/ml. The study revealed that [Mean T; 1.6 1 0.9 ng/ml , Mean T4 90 1 40.1 ng/ml, Mean FT; 2.8 1 2.4 pg/ml ,and FT4 15 1 7.2 pg/ml] were within normal limits. The mean immune-hormone; (Anti-TPO Ab<24%) ,(Anti-TG Ab<38%) were below the normal. The mean of serum Selenium( Se) in study subjects (n=l5O) was 0.371 0.9 umoll below the standardized value 1.17- 1.22 umol/1. Drinking water specimens for iodine content showed variations at locality level with mean value5 .9 pg/d1 in Kosti, Rabak, Eddou m , and Algetana; whereas in other localities7.2 pg/dl (Alsalam, Tendlti, and Um Remta) .The mean urinary iodine content among studied subjects were 7.86 pg/dl which below the normal value >10 pg/dl. Water specimens for contamination with Escherichia Q0_li bacteria showed variations at locality level with high values in cell count recorded in Kosti 1280/100ml ,Rabak 1188/ 100ml, Eddoum 876 /100ml, Algabalain 660/ 100ml , and

low number of cell count recorded in Elgetana 365 / 100ml, Tendelti 310 /100ml , Alsalarn 270 / 100ml and Um remtal65 /100ml . Conclusion: The epidemiological findings revealed that there is an absolute iodine and selenium deficiency in addition to water contamination with Escherichia coli in all the White Nile state localities .