أثر التعليم بالملاحظة في تعديل السلوك التوافقي لدى الاطفال المعاقين عقليا

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aims at investigating the effect of observational learning on the adaptive behavior skills of mentally disabled children at Sudanese Association "Usratna " . To realize this objective, the researcher adopted an experimental method. The sample was purposely chosen from the Sudanese Association "Usratna " and the Social Rehabilitation Centre to include (42) disabled children representing a trainable group that have an I.Q. ranging between ( 36 -51) according to Stanford Scale ,that was modified to suit the Sudanese environment — Grossman,l977.p. 145. The chronological age of the group is between ( 6-l2) year. The sample was then divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control one. The experimental group was subjected to an educational programme that aims to modify their adaptive behavior through observational learning while the control group was deprived from it. The programme was built according the modeling theory and task analysis methods and its validity face was found. The scale of the adaptive behavior was used to measure the adaptive behavior skills of both groups before and after applying the programme. Many important findings were revealed by the research. Most importantly is the fact that the mentally disabled children of the selected sample suffer from low adaptive behavior in spite of the implementation of the social rehabilitation progrannnes in their cormnunities. Secondly, there are differences of significant statistical nature in the adaptive behavior of both groups after applying the programme in favor of the experimental group. In contrast to the hypotheses set at the beginning of the research, the study proved the absence of any correlation between the chorological age and the adaptive behavior of the experimental group.