الضغوط النفسية وعلاقتها بتحمل المسئولية لدى معلمات مرحلة التعليم قبل المدرسى ( محلية أمدرمان)

Abstract

ملخص الدراسة ﻫﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ. ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ. ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ 100 ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﺒﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺩﺭﻤﺎﻥ . ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ إﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍً ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﹰ ﻭإﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻭﻨﺘﺎﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ. ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ SPSS ﻭﺃﺴﻔﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ. ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﻌـﺎﹰ ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ. ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻐﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻤـل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ، ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺨﻔﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻬﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ.

Abstract

This research aimed at identifying the levels of psychological stress among the specialized teachers in pre-school education in Omdurman Locality. To address this objective, the researcher used descriptive approach. The sample of the research consisted of 100 teachers in pre-school education in Omdurman locality, who were randomly selected. The researcher used the modified version of Fontana Scale for Psychological Stress. The collected data were then analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) program .The results revealed that: the level of Psychological stress among kindergarten teacher seemed high .The results also showed that there was no significant statistical difference on psychological stress according to age. As regard bearing of responsibility, the study proved that there were no statistical differences according to marital status. Also, there was no relationship between psychological stress and bearing of responsibility. The study recommended the necessity of establishing specialized mental health centers in the educational institutions and providing them with psychologists and counselors to provide counseling them with psychologists and counselors to provide counseling and facing stress for the pres-school teachers. In addition to providing educational, social and entertaining programs to reduce the level of psychological stress that might face preschool teachers.