أثر السياسة النقدية ومتطلبات البنك المركزي اليمنى للافصاح المحاسبي في الحد من مخاطر الائتمان المصرفي للمدة (1995 - 2010م )دراسة حالة البنوك التجارية اليمنية

Abstract

Abstract Based on the problem of the study that represents in the highly increase of credit risks at Yemeni Commercial Banks which could not face such risks via forming sufficient allocations for their coverage in addition to their limitation through other administrative and organizational ways , particularly methods that come within the requirements of the Central Bank of Yemen ( CBY) to implement its monetary policy. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of the monetary policy through its all implementing requirements during the period ( 1995-2010) to curb the credit risks that face Yemeni Commercial Banks . lt was based on a main hypothesis states that the monetary po9licey and the requirements of the accounting disclosure according to the compliance with the precautionary control principles issued by the CBY reduces the banking credit risks at Yemen Commercial Bank ( YCB) . Based on this hypothesis , four other hypotheses are branched according to the main divisions for the requirements of CBY requirement for its money policies . The first hypothesis states that the requirement of fulfillment of the precautionary control principles identified according to the instructions of CBY reduce the banking credit risks at YCBs. The second hypothesis states that directions of CBY to develop Yemeni banking environment fields reduces the banking credit risks at YCBs. The third hypothesis states that the limited interest rates according to the directions of the monetary policy of CBY reduces the banking credit risk at YCBs. The fourth hypothesis state that the compulsory rates imposed according to the directions of the monetary policy of CBY reduces the banking credit risks at YCBs. ln order to achieve the objective of the study, the analytical descriptive method was used to demonstrate the requirements( ways and procedures) of executing the monetary policies of CBY in the period ( 1995-2010) and also introduction the principle of accounting disclosure in addition to the using of this method to demonstrate the features of the banking credit granted in the Republic of Yemen during the period of the study , in addition to the usage of the comparative quantitative and historical analysis method in the evaluation of credit performance of the commercial banks as a symbol ofthe study.

Regarding the identification of the relation between the variables of the study, a field study was applied through distribution of a questionnaire which processed by SPSS program in addition to other supplementary statistical methods. The study has concluded through its theoretical aspect that the monetary policy terminology indicates to all decisions and procedures issued by the monetary authority which impacts on the monetary system ,regardless whether its objectives were monetary or non-monetary. in this context, the monetary policy applied by CBY to influence the Yemeni monetary system during the studied period is represented by all non-monetary decisions and procedures in addition to the traditional monetary decisions and procedures (interest rates and compulsory reserves rates). The study also confirmed thelreality of lack of any circulars or decisions issued to the licensed banks by CBY identifying its requirements in terms of the accounting disclosure in the financial statements of banks, in exclusion of its implicit indication that come within the requirements ofl" precautionary control principles. In this regard, the requirements of accounting disclosure at banks and financial institutions that are not identified in Yemen from any official authority until the period included in this study and thus what is applied is merely efforts by accountants and lacks the feature of compulsory in the application. With respect to the practical aspect of the study, it shows that the credit performance of YCBs is not satisfactory in both quantitative and qualitative aspect according to the absolute comparison standards. However, the direction of the non-organized credit facilities growth was descending generally during the studies period and this feature indicates the improvement of the technical capacities of the credit transactions of YCBs according to the historical comparative basis, while in the field aspect of the study, the study shows that there is a strong relation with a statistical significance between the dependent variable which represents in the banking credit risks at YCBs and independent variable which represent in the monetary policy of YCBs through four main components including the requirements precautionary control standards, development of Yemeni banking environment fields, ways of interest rates and ways of the compulsory rates and this indicates the effectiveness of the monetary policy of CBY to reduce the credit risks at YCBs during the period (1995-2010).