أثر التنوع الإثنى علي الديمقراطية في السودان 1956 -2010م

Abstract

‘Abstract This thesis tackles the effect of the ethnic diversity on the democracy in the Sudan. It throws the light on the concept of ethnicity as a historical phenomenon expressing a certain social identity having its own cultural practices and traditions and sharing the joint historical background, group affiliation as well as other joint features such as religion, race, language and culture. The study importance emerges from the assured effect of ethnicity on the democracy, particulary in a country of huge diversity in ethnicities, colors, religions like the Sudan," wich kept suffering since independence political unsettlement and disrupt as well as disorders over all aspects of political, social and economic life. The study problem is: Is the ethnic diversity is one of the distinctive features of the Sudanese society? Did it contribute to the failure of the Sudanese state to establish a national unity based upon democracy, that can encompass such huge ethnic diversity through an effective political participation? Hypotheses: 0 Ethnic diversity can contribute to both the establishment of democracy and the hindrance thereof. It just depends on dealing with the failure of democracy in Sudan. Q Central governance in Sudan contributed to the complication of the situations and led to ethnic conflics; so democracy and federalism may well solve the ethnic problem in Sudan. ' => The failure of adopting democratic regime in Sudan is attrbu ted to * The failure of the political elites and the ethnic, sectarian and religious formations;

=1< The non-democratic practices within the political parties; * Lack of the political participation, recognition of the ethnic diversity and human rights respect. The study tested these hypotheses and proved that they are true. The reality witnesses such truth: severe conflict in Darfour, compromises in the East, potential separation in the Southern Sudan, the discord among the political powers. Most Important Findings: There are many factors that contributed to the failure of democracy in Sudan, as from considering democracy as foreign origin and practice and that it contradicts the Sudanese environment and the traditional and tribal formations of the people. Civil wars broke out due to the weakness of the Sudanese political parties, the weakness of the state structure, the lack of sources, conflicts over the power and resources as well as the wide spread of proverty and illeracy. Most Important Recommendation: In order to solve the deep complicated problems of the Sudan, it is inevitable to establish a democratic regime, being based on actual and effective political participation, honest elections and guaranteed freedoms and laws that pave the way for peaceful and successful circulation of power.