اثر النفط علي التنمية السياسة حالة : الكويت

Abstract

ABSTRACT Oil is one of the most important economic-political resources whose impact has transcended the internal and external issues to include the regional and international conflicts. lt has influenced the various processes of development in different fields one of which is the subject of the present study viz. political development which can be defined as the “group of planned-for changes that are implemented in relation to the social structures or processes with the purpose of enhancing the capacities of political system and its response to the social systems: economical, cultural, social, and political structures. The most important requirements of this political development are justice, equity, and impartiality. This research aims at studying the impact of oil on the achievement of the elements of political development, namely, good govemance, establishment of political institutionalism, and the genuine public participation. The research also attempted to investigate the negative and positive influences on political development and on the economies and the reasons behind the political, economical, and social underdevelopment in the Arab World, in spite of the existing oil wealth. In addition to this, the research also tried to look into the question of how to find solutions to this predicament, which depends largely on the utilization of the human resources and the exploitation of the oil wealth for the benefit of the common people. The positive influences reflected in the increase in general expenditure along the economic pivot in conjunction with the reinforcement of social welfare do not cancel out the negative economic influences that has changed the pattern of development into one that leads no way as it results into the growth of non-productive sectors and the creation of negative and complicated economic and social consequences. ' The nature of the political and legal system in the Gulf States was a form of individual power where authority was divided amongst the tribe chieflains; even though some relative change has occurred after the discovery of oil. This discovery resulted in expansion in education and promotion of political awareness as well as the development of the political institutions and public participation. However, good governance and equity is still subject to tribal loyalties and family relations, which is a deficiency in political development. Moreover, official institutions do intervene in the decisions made by popular ones. The question of creating political institutions compatible with the political, economic and social development is a vital issue. It is imperative that the constitution be the legal instrument that empowers the institutions of governance in order to undertake their responsibilities. Furthermore, the redistribution of wealth and the revenue of oil will achieve justice and equity, and will also make possible the realization of one of the objectives of political development. Besides, it will provide for absolute transparency between the two powers; the Legislature and the Executive, which will led to political, economic, and social stability.