Simulation of Groundwater Demand & Consumption in Khartoum state

Abstract

Abstract The main idea of this thesis is based on a simulation for groundwater demand & consumption system. The study ofthis system needs as usual a heavy investigation effort and takes long time by using traditional methods to analyze the‘ rates ofwater consumption and the rate of water demand. For such studies we need information to determine the water quantities that fulfill the water needs of Khartoum population for the coming twenty years according to the population increase. This thesis contains information about water consumption and population increase in Khartoum state; it focuses on the problems caused by lack of water in Khartoum state. We have illustrated the various simulation models mentioning the related definitions and taxonomy. Also we have illustrated various techniques for estimating future consumption and the prediction of future population. This thesis is composed of all the steps and procedures that have been taken within the simulation, starting from the beginning of the simulation up to the simulation results. Finally we found that the existing groundwater with the recharge from the Nile which was estimated to be about 100 million cubic meters per year can not suffice the population demand for water for the coming years in Khartoum state. All one after 25 years from the simulation beginning year the Khartoum population demand for water reach 866329415 milliard cubic meter in the year where this quantity of demand exceed the groundwater total capacity which was estimated to be about 85 milliard