المشاكل المحاسبية في عمليات اندماج المؤسسات المالية فى العالم العربي

Abstract

Abstract . 4 This study Targets to explain the best and suitable style or method to be followed in dealing with merger Operations defining the value of present assets of the company or companies that are merged which are shown in the records of the merging company at the date of merging . The main problem is potent in the merger accounting subject in specification of the value, pursuant to, the value of the assets and the recently_vested_r-ights disclosed in the merging company or__the new resulted company from the merging operation. Whereas there are two sets of accountability measures used for the registration of the merger financial operation. If the merger took place by the substitution of the name (Pooling of interests method), its accountability measure shall be perfonned by the assets evaluation by the book value of the merged company or the merged companies, and its display in the unified statement of the financial position for the merging company at the date of the merger and taking the difference between the registered value of the issued capital and the registered value of the purchased capital as a modification for the rights of the stockholders. But, if the merger took place through the substitution of the assets (The purchase method), pursuant to, the assets reappraised by the fair market value. The volume of the increase in the purchase cost above the fair market value of the net assets of the company or the merged companies shall be displayed in the unified statement of the financial position of the merger company as assets in the goodwill account. And if the purchase cost is less than the total fair market value of the net purchased assets, the difference should be regarded either deferred profit to be transferred to the profits account regularly, or shall be loaded by its

fair value rate of the depreciable financial assets (except the long term financial investments). i The wrong usage of these measures or the substitution of one in the place of another leads to different values for the recent realizable net assets value of the company or the merged companies, a matter which affects the fair rights of the stockholders negatively or positively, and for giving the clear picture of the merged financial position at the date of 1nerger»of~the-merging company, or the outcome of the mergeroperation and also affects the financial statements users. For the study purposes of the merger in scientific methodology, two main hypothesis layed down: The first one states that the choice of any one of the accountability methods (The Purchase Method and The Pooling of Interests) affects the evaluation of the merged company/companies assets, and hence, affects the fmancial statements, of which the unified fmancial position at the date of merger and the subsequent periods. The second hypothesis states that The two accountability methods can not substitute each other in the treatment of the same merger . The third hypothesis states that : The purchase method has much objectivity in the appraisal. The researcher chosed a random sample from the financial community which is the Independent Bank (B.S.C.) in Kingdom of Bahrain and the outcome of the merger of the exports banks: The (B.S.I.) and the Iranian Mili Bank (B.M.I.) as the research sample. From the most important results reached by the researcher are: The merger is an important economic event either based on the .assets exchange operation or on the ownership rights between two independent economical units and agreed on that.