متطلبات توفيق اوضاع البنوك المتخصصة في ظل العولمة : دراسة تطبيقية علي البنك الزراعي السوداني

Abstract

Abstract The Globalization has become a real challenge to the economies of the underdeveloped countries which are characterized by their weak economic structures in addition to the dependence ofmost of them on the agricultural sector in their foreign trade returns. In this respect , the Globalization through its major mechanism, the WTO concentrated on agriculture as an axis for its trade agreements , and also it includes an agreement of financial and banking services as a part of the whole body of this organization. The Sudan as one of the underdeveloped countries relies basically on the agricultural sector in its resources which represents the income source for the majority ofits population , shares with the bigger portion ofits export returns , and thus the globalization challenge is mainly related to this sector._ This reality imposes the remodeling of the structure of the different economic sectors of the Sudanese economy and its functioning establishments whether they are financing , productive, or marketing associations. The Agricultural Bank of Sudan stands as the pioneering organization in the field of the agricultural financing in Sudan for more than forty years , thus it took the burden of financing the agricultural and rural development in the country , and by that becomes one of the establishments which are highly concerned by the globalization challenges and its far reaching effects. This study aims at discussing the difficulties and problems facing the Agricultural Bank of Sudan to analyze the shortcomings of its performance and to see how far the application of its programme of rehabilitation is pursued , and accordingly to propose suitable solutions for making its setups and policies conforming with the future challenges resulting from globalization This study revolves on five assumptions which deal with the principles of the Bank’s rehabilitation programme : the financial , technical , and administrative aspects which have been adopted by the Central Bank of Sudan to restructure and reform the Banking Sector to face the financial challenges of globalization. To test the assumptions, the study adopted many methodologies including the statistical analysis, applied analytical study of the Agricultural Bank , and the collection of the primary and secondary sources of information to cover all the aspects of the study. The researcher divides the study into eight chapters , where he deals with the general framework of the study and the previous researches in the first chapter, whereas he discusses in the second chapter the globalization and the economic changes , the third chapter deals with the Banks’ Rehabilitation Project in its different points , and the fourth chapter treats the foundation and development of the specialized Banks in Sudan. As to the fifth chapter , it concentrates on the establishment and development of the Agricultural Bank of Sudan and its contribution in the agricultural development in the country. The sixth chapter puts to discussion the challenges facing the Agricultural Bank of Sudan under globalization. The seventh chapter of the study is dealing with the Agricultural Bank of Sudan’s Programme of its Rehabilitation and Reform. The final eighth chapter deals with the applied study in four sections : the first one explains the procedures and methodology of the study , the second section presents the results of the analysis of the questionnaire data , whereas the third part analyses and discusses the study hypotheses . The fourth and final section embodies the conclusions and the recommendations of the Research. which may be applied on the specialized

banks in a scientific and planned manner for the existence of many similarities among them like reliance on governmental money in financing , and their linktvith financing sectors of high risks like agriculture , industry , and the social projects...etc The most important of these findings are : 1- The capital of the Agricultural Bank does not suit both the existing opportunities of investment in agriculture in Sudan and the volume ofwork needed for effecting the agricultural development. 2- Bazel Committee standard for specification of the minimum limit of capital sufficiency does not suit the specialized nature of the work of the Agricultural Bank that concentrates on the protection of the depositors’ rights and the negligence of the special nature of the Bank’s resources and uses. The most important of these recommendations are : ~ The necessity of provision of resources for the Bank to meet the requirements of the development tasks by diversifying its financial resources through partnership investments and increasing its capital to enable it accomplish its desired role in realizing the agricultural and rural development. This can be done by inviting other investors to contribute in the Bank’s capital and management like the farmers and tenants’ associations , the cooperatives , and the companies involved in the agricultural production. . The importance of allowance for banks rehabilitation and reform policies to be issued by the Central Bank to conform with the strategic ends and aims of the developmental agricultural financing and the dangers and difficulties inherent in the nature of its activities , in addition to the absence of the credit cover for the small farmers and producers , aml this will definitely limit the Agricultural Bank’s efforts in promotion of the sufficiency ofits capital according to the requirements of Bazel Committee standards for the specification of the minimum limit of capital sufficiency .