Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activities of Salvia officinalis L. Leaves Extracts on Certain Pathogenic Microorganisms

Abstract

Abstract The origin in Salvia is a wild plant belong to Mediterranean region .Since it is important and famous use become farm by wide spread in all the world and in flowering sunny conditions. Salvia plant traditionally used, proved to be very effective for treatment of various infections and diseases and newly in modern medicine because it contains estrogen , phenolic acids , flavonoids , resin , saponins , silica , tannins , volatile oils. This research a ims at assessing the anti – microbial effect of Salvia leaves extracts on certain microbes . The fine powder of the Salvia leaves was extracted with using different solvents and various extraction methods, and the anti – microbial effect of each extract was evaluated. Phytochemical screening was carried out on 80% methanol , hexane , 80% ethanol and aqueous extracts of Salvia leaves which revealed the presence of sterols, volatile oils , triterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloid, saponins, reducing compou nds and tannins . The antimicrobial effect of Salvia leaves has been investigated in order to test their activity against different types of bacteria and fungi . The results revealed that petroleum ether was the best extractive solvents of antimicrobial properties of Salvia leaves extract. So the petroleum ether extract is active for all strains, followed by chloroform extract. For this reason pet - ether extract wa s further subjected to column fractionation chromatography and thin layer chromatography resulting in the separation of 14 fractions. The column fractions F 1 , F 2 , F 3 and F 4 of petroelum ether extract were further subjected to subsequent fractionation and purification by analytical and preparative Thin - layer chromatography resulting d in the isolation of four pure compounds which were identified and characterized by spectroscopic methods (Infra Red (IR) and Ultra Violet (UV). In solving the chemical natur e of active petroleum ether extract components, the extracts investigated by GC - MS technique, the compounds identified are alphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, diterpenes triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids and vitamins, and steroids . Res ults were presented in tables and figures. 5 The results revealed that the richness of this plant, as a reservoir to be explored for useful secondary metabolites could be starting point for several research activities. Intensive analytical investigations we re carried out on the most active petroleum ether extract in order to isolate and identify the effective components using thin layer chromatography and column chrmatography