الأثار الإقتصادية والإجتماعية لمشروعات الأسر المنتجة في تخفيف حدة الفقر المنفذة بديوان الزكاة في السودان دراسة حالة ديوان الزكاة في السودان في الفترة من 2000 -2008م

Abstract

Abstract Poverty is one of the problems that represents great headache to many developing countries and specially Islamic ones. Great efforts have been exerted to solve the problem in Islamic countries. ‘Capability and needs of Islamic societies were taken into consideration. Zakat is one of the Islamic means which is used to reduce poverty. Thus, the research discusses the social and economic impact of productive families projects Launched by Zakat Champers- Sinnar state. The study aims at achieving several basic and subsidiary goals focusing on these projects during the periods 2000 — 2008. In addition, the research, also, questions social and economic effects of the projects on beneficiaries and their role in alleviating poverty. The research raised the following issues: - Types and standards of productive family projects launched by Zakat champers in Sinnar State. - Social and economic impact of the projects in reducing poverty in the state. - The role of Zakat basic committees in the success or failure of the projects. - Solutions that contribute to projects improvement to achieve the targeted goals. The researcher employed survey and historical methodology to reveal concepts and theoretical aspects of the theme. The statistical methodology was also used to analyze statistical data. The statistical package for the social sciences was used for its accuracy and capability in analyzing and organizing data.

Official interviews were conducted to enable interviewees to answer questions stated in the questionnaire. The author interviewed responsible bodies in the State and included his direct personal observations. Using category sample a number of 288 persons were chosen from Zakat champer records of the poor and needy in Sinnar State. The case study was divided into three categories according to the size of the province (Sinnar, Singa and Dinder). The main results of the study may be summarized as follows: - Most projects given to members of the sample are individual projects as it is a preferable system allowing owners to depend on themselves. - A considerable number of the case study (50.3%) were illiterate or educated only at Khalwas and dealing with marginal jobs. ~ The majority enjoy health insurance service offered by Zakat champer. ~ Projects given to the poor and needy were not successful as families failed to manage them. Moreover they were neither convenient nor suitable to the environment. The study concludes that the population of Sinnar state are suffering from poverty and that efforts provided by Zakat champer do not satisfy the basic needs of the poor. The researcher recommended the following: - Concentration on education to achieve developments and establish a strong basis. - Zakat champer administration should offer opportunity to scholars and specialists of the high commissioner of Zakat to participate.