إدارة مؤسسات القطاع العام في السودان بين الحرية والتقييد : دراسة حالة لبعض مؤسسات القطاع العام

Abstract

ABSTRACT Conceptually public organizations as identities have been known for quite a long time. Now they represent a great sector that affects the national economies of different countries and the international economy as well. Since Sudan is not an exception ol’ the surrounding environment, it has witnessed the establishment ofpublie organizations since the colonial era. The experiment ol’ public organizations in Sudan had been subject to so many changes, evaluations and criticisms. The relevance of studying that experiment is attributed to the important role they play in the development of national economy. The significant question is: did they play that role efficiently? how? and why? Although the concept of public organizations is now widely adopted all over the world, it has not been clearly identilied and defined. So the definition of public organization, its entity, and the difliculties encountered in this regard represent the problems of this study. Public organizations are facing the problem of how to specify the reasonable degree ol’ flexibility that enables them to move easily towards the attainment 0|‘ their objectives, and maintain control over the utilization of public resources. A great amount of resources had been allocated to the public organizations sector in Sudan. l-lowever, criticism has been made in the sense that most ol‘ them are ineflicient, didn't contribute to national development, and resulted in great losses to national resources. The aim of this study is to: l. I-lighlight the theoretical concepts of public Administration, control and public organizations. 2. Examine and evaluate the experience ofthe Sudan in the field of public organization. 3. Reach conclusions and recommendations that might contribute to the needed reform of this sector.

To reach its purpose. the study addressed the following hypothesis. l- There are sound reasons that led to the existence ofthe concept and the public organizations as identities. _‘- One of the main problems of the public organizations is their suffering from many restrictions and control that hinder them from achieving their objectives efficiently. " The establishment of public organizations in Sudan had- not given enough consideration to economical objectives. To study the above mentioned research problem and examine the hypothesis in order to achieve the research objectives, the methodology we believe to be the most suitable is the descriptive. comparative and analytical approaches. The library resources. official documents and ii questionnaire survey were the methods used for data collection. Computer had done the data analysis The study has been organized into two main parts. The nrst part presents the theoretical franiework that includes four chapters as follows I Chapter one the introduction oftlie study. Chapter two the concept ofpublic Administration. Chapter three the concept of control. 4. Chapter four the concept ofptiblic organization. The secondpait includes three chapters as follows. 5- Chapter five consists ofa comparative study ofsix dififerent experiences in the field of public organizations in six countries. (i- Chapter six the presentation of the Sudanese experience Ill the field of public organizations "- Chapter seven the case study. conclusions and recoinmendatioiis After identifying the research problem. data had been collected and analyzed to examine the research hypothesis and the following conclusions have been reached: I There are so many difficulties facing the definitions of different concepts of management. public organization and control So inan_\ writers ‘advise that we should not involve ourselves too niuch in seeking definitions. but that effort can be directed towards developing ways and means of management. Although many writers are not very much enthusiastic to define the- management concepts. still the researcher inclined towards the way Douite Waldo tried to define management, which Vvaldo called the approaches methods of defining management concepts. Beside the

approach of Waldo the researcher had developed lll.\ own model of defining management concept that is based on processes or management. - 3 Public organization had been known in Sudan long ago since the colonial era, and the Sudanese experience had witnessed so inan changes and post developments in three distinguished eras the colonial and independence era I898-l968 — The May regime era l969- l ‘>85 The present era I985 up to l10\\ -1 All through the Sudanese experiment. that experience had witnessed the following features. . at The establishment of tnost of Sudanese pttblic organizations had not been based on economical bases. Diirtng the colonial era public projects had been established to the interest of British economy and that continued tip to the beginning of national rule alter independence. bl During the l\/lay regime era the public organization had been widely established but mostly for political reasons rather than economic ones. ct Now during the existing era public organizations are being revised afier the government adoption for the free i_narket policies. dt During all the above mentioned developinems the Sudanese experiment had been criticized for very low performance. e) Sotne of the main reasons for that low performance are; ~ The lack of feasibility studies before establishing those organizations -- The big size of control practiced on pttblic organizatioiis ~ The political instability that reflected continuous changes in the tnanageinent of those organizations. - The uniformity in tinpleinenting general rules and regulation on all organizations equally without consideration to the nature of each oi them. To reach the above-inentioned conclusion the following iccommendations had been suggested. l feasibility studies should be tnade for all the BXlSIlll_l1 organization. then we should decide which should continue or other wise. and that should be applied to any new organization Z The management style and margin of flexibility slioiild be decided for every individual organization separately accorilmg to its nature and its field. 1. The economic criteria by itself is not a sufficient measurement for the organization success or the contrary btit there are other aspects to be considered for evaluation. -l Although new concepts such as: Globalization and Privatization are taking place now-a-days. still the need for publit organization is valid and will continue for the liiture.