مفهوم الدولة في الفكر الفلسفي السياسي لجماعة اخوان الصفاء وخلان الوفاء

Abstract

A Abstract This thesis deals with the concept of the structured political activities of the state establishment of ‘Akhwan al Safa Groupi; which was one of the significant groups of the ‘Arabian Orient’ during the fourth century AD. Due to its selective philosophy which reflects glimpses of almost all the spectra of its preceding philosophical thinking; the group could choose a political educational model which aimed to inflect a graded change of the political realities of its time. Therefore, this study dealt with the struggle between the old and the modern philosophical thinking of Akhwan al Safa and its influence upon the generations; which could be said to be the focus of many contemporary researchers. Besides that, the study dealt with the issue of identity and its influence upon the social and the political structure. The questions with this study tries to answer is: ‘Does hiperdity and diversity of thinking influence the structuring of identity? And to what extent this influence was a positive one? The answer for this question was elaborated upon to cover philosophical, political and social structures of the Abbaside State, which considered toibe the origins of Akhwan al Safa group philosophical thinking. The researcher found out that the recent forms of political parties which may represent bodies of opposition were known at that time. Hence the question that: .“Can Akhwan al Safa be considered as a political party?” arises. This question clarifies the foundations upon which political parties might be established so as to link the old in order to foster the issue of identity. The researcher surveyed the diverse history of political thinking over a long period of time from the Greek’s times, European’s to the Islamic Oriental era. It was in order to reveal that Akhwan al Safa efforts to establish their political; and philosophical thinking considering the fact that the human knowledge and thought should be viewed as a chain of a connected cycles. Therefore the legacy of human knowledge should not

be rejected, however it should be noted that different generations have different circumstance and historical conditions. Considering the development of today’s world which is arguably the result of the unipolar system. The researcher argues that this issue and its underpimling hypotheses of reorganizing the world and the individuals to adapt to the monopolar system was first tried by Akhwan al Safa Group. A final point with regard to Akhwan al Safa state structure is the issue of ruling by the ‘Divine Right’ of the Iinams, which one can say is still in practice nowadays. It could be argued that assigning divine right to governors embodies a lot of threats and dangers. Thus, this study discusses l1ow governors should be selected. It should be noted that this discussion was limited by the capacity of the researcher and scarcity of available documents.