الدور الأوروبي في المسألة الشرقية (1820م-1878م)

Abstract

Abstract This study discusses the role of the great European Powers in administering and solving the problem known in history as the "Eastern Question" starting with the Greek Revolution 1821 and ending with The Congress of Berlin 1878 . The problem erupted in the Ottoman domain and as such was an Ottoman affair but the passing of the Ottoman State in the era of deterioration encouraged European Powers to intervene through diplomatic and military means to direct and solve the problem aiming to secure their own interests . The study falls into an introduction, a preface, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and some relevant appendices . The introduction surveys the condition of the Ottoman State during 17-19 centuries and its relationship with European countries . It also gives different definitions provided by historians of what is mean by the "Eastern Question". The interests of the various European Powers are demarcated here . Each of the powers played a role in various phases of the "Eastern Question ." Chapter One: discusses the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman State (1821-1832 .( Chapter two: All powers intervened in the Egyptian Question (1840-1841 .( ح Chapter three: A conflict between Russia and France over the right to guard holy places in Palestine led to a communal intervention in the Crimean War 1856 . Chapter four: The eruption of the national movements (1875-1878) in the Ottoman Balkan provinces also witnessed intervention of all powers with aim of further weakening of the Ottoman State . In the conclusion of the study formulated a view that the cause of the Eastern Question was the loss of the Ottomans of their ability to govern their provinces which opened the way for Europeans to intervene through treaties of their own making to solve internal problems of the Ottoman State