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Item Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact of Algaily Refinery, Khartoum State, Sudan(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Mohamed Ahmed Abdallah; Abdel Karim Sabir AliAbstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the environmental and socioeconomic impact of Algaily refinery on its vicinity. The data, which was statistically analyzed, was collected from field trips, chemical analyses, personal communications and questionnaires. A total of 158 respondents were chosen from five villages in the study area: Gerry, Wad Ramli, Wawessy, Alshuhada and Algaily. The chemical analysis was performed to assess the heavy metals in soil and plantusing a spectrophotometer ASTM. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Program No 11.0. The results revealed that the refinery area is part of Acacia rotliles / Desert Scrub vegetation zone. The area is dominated by natural (Acacia tortiles subsp. tortiles and Acacia niIotica)and cultivated (Conocaprus erectus and Azadirachta indica) trees. Different concentrations of heavy metals (Phil and Cd”) were encountered in the soil and natural and cultivated plants. Concentration of both minerals was much higher in natural and cultivated plants compared with their concentrations in the soil. The statistical analysis of the questiormaire gave a high significant difference of all tested parameters (P<0.005). Other immediate effects of the refinery are expressed by the following: only 20.9% of the respondents’ income was increased by the refinery while the income of 20.9% was increased; 63.9% of the population of the area have migrated out of the study area. In addition, no expansions of education and healthcare facilities or services were added since the construction of refinery. Keywords: Impact, environmental, socioeconomic, heavy metals, migration,Item Reclamation of Saline Soils using Composted Organic Wastes(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Rayan Babiker Hago; Abdel Karim Sabir Ali; Sarra A. M. SaadAbstract: Soil salinity is one of the problems that affects crop production in Sudan and results in yield deterioration. Remediation techniques practiced in saline soils usually expensive and need high technology. In order to apply a cheap method, composted organic waste was applied to saline soil treated with different concentration of Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Compost was applied with different application rates. The mixtures were incubated for 4 weeks and irrigated with So ml water. Samples were analyzed and the results revealed that the application of compost should be done with the recommended doses in order to reclaim saline soils as high compost application rate might increase salinity of soils. Quality control measures of composts should be implemented before compost use. Therefore, it is recommended that compost can play major role in soil reclamation especially of saline soils as it is environmentally safe and cheap compared to other reclamation procedures. Key words: Soil Salinity, Soil Reclamation, Compost 214Item Remediation of Pb-Polluted soil using composted organic waste(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Idris Mustafa Abdullah; Siddig Khalid Mohamed; Maida Fadl Allah A. Modawi; Abdel Karim Sabir Ali; Sarra A. M. saadComposted organic waste has widely been used for improving soil properties and increasing soil organic matter for better agricultural production. Many trials were made to study the role of compost application on remediation of lead (Pbfl) polluted soil, a problem that endangered different soils in Sudan. A laboratory experiment was conducted using composted organic waste and Pb” treated soil. Different rates of compost (13%; 19%; 25%) were applied to the soil characterized by low organic matter treated with different concentrations of Pb” - solution (0.1N; 0.2N;0.3 N). The mixtures were incubated for 6 weeks and were irrigated with 400 ml of water on daily basis. Samples were collected from each treatment and analyzed for Pb” concentrations. In addition, a potexperiment was conducted to study the perfonnance and uptake of lead Pb“ by Sorghum bicolor grown in the soil treated with different concentrations of Pb” solution and Composted organic waste in different rates to assess the efficiency of compost on remediating polluted soil and plant growth. The height of plants and the number of leaves/plant were measured on 7, 10, l4, l7, 20, 32 and 35 days from planting. The results revealed that compost application to Pb+2 treated soil affected Pb” concentration as a significant decrease was observed in samples treated with Pb’! solution compared to control samples. Both height of sorghum and number of leaves/plant were positively influenced by compost remediationof Pb” soils. Therefore it is recommended that compost could be applied to remediate polluted soils as it is cheap and enviromnentally safe. Key word: Sorghum bicolor; Compost, Lead pollution, remediation 217