كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية
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Item Association between Birth weight and some Metabolic Syndrome Parameters among Medical Studentsin Al-Neelain University Faculty of Medicine(Al Neelain University, 2017) TasabeehAbd Allah Alnoor Mohammed.Introduction: Epidemiological evidences suggest a strong relation between birth weight and some diseases in adult life (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD)). It is thought that an adverse intrauterine environment provokes adaptive response to ensure fetal survival which if persist into adulthood may cause metabolic and CVD disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to study association between birth weight and metabolic syndrome parameters among medical students, aiming to avail information to build the natural history of weight gain during early adulthood. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Neelain public University; done as part of a larger study that examined the prevalence of obesity among medical, 50 students who have birth weight data were involved in this study. Ethical approval was obtained and Data (collected by Questionnaire, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and blood sample) were analyzed using SPSS(version23). Results: In this study metabolic syndrome prevalence was 2% and 4.1% using IDF and ATPIII definitions respectively. Metabolic syndrome risk factors were highly prevalent 32.6%; for obesity and overweight, 48.1% for hypertension and pre hypertension. There was gender base difference in blood pressure which was statistically significant p value = 0.02, with higher prevalence of pre hypertension and hypertension among male. The relationship between birth weight and adulthood obesity show inverted J shape relation with higher BMI among lower birth weight. Mean value for BP was higher among large for gestational age LGA and low birth weight LBW compared to appropriate birth weight individuals. Birth weight show statistical significance in relation to uncontrolled eating habit P value= 0.004 LBW compared to appropriate birth weight). Conclusion: • High prevalence of overweight/obesity as well as pre-hypertension/ HTN. • Aninverted J shape relationship between birth weight and adulthood obesity. Recommendation: Prevention of abnormal birth weight development through proper antenatal care is recommended.Item Determination of Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome among Adult Sudanese Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State in Military Hospital in Khartoum(Al Neelain University, 2017) Awab Omer Mohamed Salih BabikerIntroduction: Sickle cell disease is a hereditary disorder characterized by haematological anaemia, widely distributed in Sudan. Hypotheses assumed that adult patients with sickle cell may develop characteristics of metabolic syndrome presented as hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic syndrome among adult Sudanese with sickle cell disease in the steady state in military hospital in Khartoum state in period from August to November. Subjects and Methods: a prospective observational descriptive cross sectional study design was done on thirty adult patients with sickle cell disease (mean age 23 ± 6.1 years) and 26 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were included in the study. Waist and circumferences were measured by simple tape. Waist circumference was measured in three different readings at the level of umbilicus, between lower margin of the lowest rib and superior surface of iliac crest, the mean value was considered as a reference value. The tape was placed three times around the widest area at hip region to measure hip circumference. Venous blood sample of 6 mls were drawn from all participants to detect blood glucose level after 8 hours overnight fasting, uric acid level, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein by spectrophotometer. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III was used to define the metabolic syndrome. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Continuous data were expressed using mean ± SD. P-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance. Unpaired independent T- test was used. Results: The mean waist circumference among sickle cell disease patients was (69.77 ± 7.16 cm) compared to (74.05 ± 11.15 cm) in control group p value=0.09. There was no significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure in patients group compared to control (106.10±16.4 mmHg vs 109.20± 9.60 mmHg respectively, p value=0.4). The mean value of diastolic blood pressure was significantly low in patients group compared to control (65.40± 10.40 mmHg vs 71.90± 8.60 mmHg respectively, p value=0.02). The mean arterial pressure was not significantly differ in patients group compared to control (79 ± 1.16 vs 84.30 ± 7.70 mmHg respectively, p value=0.05). The mean value of fasting triglycerides was not significantly differing in patients group compared to control (82.80 ± 39.60 mg/dL vs 91.85 ± 65.39 mg/dL respectively, p value=0.56). The high density lipoprotein was significantly low in patients group compared to control (30.20 ± 8.15 mg/dL vs 49.07± 15.32 mg/dL respectively, p value=0.00). The mean value of fasting blood glucose was significantly low in patients group compared to control (92.60± 12.99 mg/dL vs 107.60± 16.29 mg/dL respectively, p value=0.01). The mean value of uric acid was not significantly differing in patients group in comparison to control (6.0 ± 3.6 mg/dL vs 5.3 ± 2.73 mg/dL respwctively, p value=0.43). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in waist circumference among sickle cell patients compared to control. . There was significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure and no significant change in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure among sickle cell patients compared to control. There was significant decrease in high density lipopeotein level among sickle cell patients compared to control and there was no significant difference in cholesterol and triglycerides levels among sickle cell patients compared to control. There was significant decrease in FBS among sickle cell patients compared to control. There was no significant change in uric acid level among SCD patients compared to control Recommendations: The concept of sickle cell disease needs to be modified to a syndrome rather than a disease. Education of physicians about the metabolic changes developing on patients with sickle cell disease is requested. Health education of patients about diet modifications that may need, because of their metabolic requirements is needed. Further studies and on larger scale for better understanding of metabolic syndrome.