كلية التجارة

ABSTRACT ' The informal sector. today. represents a large economical and social phenomenon that imposed itself through its density. incessant movement and constant progress day by day. This phenomenon became very outstanding characteristic distinguishing all the Sudanese in quick progression to the limit that it became very outstanding characteristic in the opinion of every of the city inhabitants because of its economic. commercial and population size. This informal sector. as well. represented the aim for many ofthe migrants who wottld come to the cities in search of livelihood and away from the poverty. drought and the severe social economical an secttrity conditions ol the rural life. The constant movement of those migrants (displaced or urbanites) to\vard the cities without capitals nor technical crafts became. by the time. a deep-rooted reality whether \ve like it or not. This sector gave off its special and threatening be haviour that is opposite to all of the cultural. social and commercial traditions and conduct. All of the legislations. the control authorities. the familiar prevailing cultural. social and civilizational behaviour could not stop nor discipline that counter behaviour. As there is tangible lack of study in this field. and thus it is completely ignored: \vhat is this sector? What is its size‘? ls it a contemporary phenomenon? Is it studyable or conrolable‘? ls it capable of being set in the social. economical familiar frames '.' So the researcher wanted to ﬁll the gap and pave the way for those who will come after so that they can find no obstacles to formttlate the bases and frames appropriate to" this sector concerning the comprehensive social and economic aspects. As the library is almost free from any serious writing or detailed statistics. about the activities practiced by such sector, the researcher depended upon the initial data got by observation. the enumeration of the members of this sector. comprehensive questionnaire as well as interviews with the ofﬁcial authorities related with such sector. Results of the Studv : The informal sector is a large sector \vith large numbers of members. lt is accessible and flexible and is capable of various activities. * This sector receives the displaced from the different states. as \vell as the uneducated and the redundancy of workers and it represents an additional work or alternati\'e for the workers in both public and private sectors. lt is earning and lucrative. lt depends on the individuals’ respective abilities. lt is usually fottnd at gathering places (markets. transport stations. etc.l. promotion and marketing. This sector represents a source of revenues for the localities through the prescribed fees ofprovisional licences and the health fees and the like. This informal sector is creative and itnpelled to invention and innovation. Recommendations of tlte Study : Establishing a organi‘/.ation where all bodies related to this sector should be represented (planners. policies setters and executors and otherwise). so as to collect the necessary data and set the concepts. policies. plans and programmes that might make this sector active. This corporation which will represent the official authority of the sector will be concerned about the following: To make the organization or the legal fratnework for the sector so that it tnay be legally recognized and set in the general commercial and economic circle. Competitions and self-reliance resulted in various active means of To collect the required data and the basic information about the size of this sector. the quality of its activities. the fanatical ability. and the quality o the workers and their classification according to their qualifications. age and the places frotn where they emigrated. To organi’/.e and arrange the activities as \vcll as to nominate them. To help the sector attd produce particle means to ﬁnance it. train its members. market its products and promote the system of its production and scr\'ices. To make use of the experiences of the other states. corporation and international organi'/.ations in this respect. To make the sector active in drawing the general policies and to enable it to play a role appropriate to its situation and circumstances. interact with them and play its role toward the society economy quite confidently. To litnit and restrict the passive impacts of this sector due to non-discipline and the feeling of illegality.

ABSTRACTS This dissertation focuses on the extent to which resource mobilization in ‘Sudanese Universities make them a self-financing entities and thus support the tendency of declining govern nent budgetary appropriations. The study includes the importance of higher education, its role in economic and social development, and its context in §udan with regard to the COMPERHENSIVE national strategy plan. Investigations are made to shed light on ﬁnancing hligher education institutions with reference to the American, United Kingdom and the former Soviet Union experience. Emphasid as to the same aspects of ﬁnancing in Sudan is also covered The research findings show that the (diversification of resource model) is the best among others to suit Sudanese Universities . These resources are classified into: [1] Academic Fees. [2] Miscellaneous (Comprising grants, subsidies ﬁ"om local governments technical aid and others) , [3] Resource generat..ed from investment actilvities. Furthermore; university investment projects are discussed with reference to the area, climate, managerial planning, problems and policies. Fiinally University of Gezira and Nyala projects are analyzed as case studies

كلية التجارة

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