PHD theses : Optics
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Item OCULAR CONDITIONS OF BORN BLINDS IN KHARTOUM STATE(Neelain University, 2008) Nuha Mohamed Fath El rahman MuhjoubAbstract This study is considered to be the first study in Sudan concemed with bom blinds subjects. It aimed to find out.the main causes of bom blindness, estimate the biometric measurements, study the role of inheritance of born blindness through their families and to suggest some means for prevention. Personal history, outer and inner ocular examinations and biometric measurements (including retinoscopy, keratometry, ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography and tonometry) were taken along with family history of bom blindness. The study involved 120 Sudanese born blinds (91 males and 29 females) from Sudanese National Association of The Blinds and Alnoor Institute and Umbada Centre for The Blinds. Their mean ages ranged between 8 to 42 years with a mean of 23.25 years i 8.1, and their visual acuities between CF to no PL. The results were statistically analyzed. However, BARDBIS program was used for the pedigrees analysis. The study revealed the following results: The most frequent causes of born blindness were found to be congenital cataract (28.33 %), corneal abnormalities (28.33 %), optic nerve defects (27.5 %) followed by retinal abnormalities (5.83 %) and structural abnormalities (3.33 %). However, 6.67 % of the subjects were without obvious ocular anatomical defects. The biometric measurements showed that the eyes of the born blinds seemed to be similar and they were characterized by flatter corneal curvatures, shorter axial lengths, thin comeas, hypermetropic refractive state and normal intraocular pressure. Most of the subjects showed positive family history of born blindness in their families (70.59 % of congenital cataract, 57.65 % of corneal dystrophies and 72.7 % of congenital optic nerve atrophy). Consanguineous marriage was found to be a causative factor in transition of born blindness through the families (94.12 % of congenital cataract, 82.35 % of corneal dystrophies and 100 % of congenital optic nerve atrophy). Bom blindness was found to be inherited through the families in all patterns of inheritance, autosomal dominant was of least frequency (8.82 % of congenital cataract, 5.88 % of corneal dystrophies), autosomal recessive inheritance was the most frequent one (44.12 % of congenital cataract, 52.94 % of comeal dystrophies and 60.6 % of congenital optic nerve atrophy) and X- link pattern (17.65 % of congenital cataract subjects, and 12.1 % of congenital optic nerve atrophy) and single (sporadic) case (29.41 % of congenital cataract, 41.18 % of corneal dystrophies and 27.3 % of congenital optic nerve atrophy). Key words: Born blindness, biometric, consanguinity, family history, pedigreeItem Contrast Sensitivity And Colour Vision As Diagnostic Tools In Primary Open angle Glaucoma(Neelain University, 2008) Ahmed Ali Ahmed ElnimryAbstract This is the first clinical study of its kind in Sudan. The purpose of this study is to investigate primary open angle glaucoma by contrast sensitivity and colour vision. Current data consist of (200 sample).There were divided into two groups. Group (A) Comtrol group (100 subjects), their ages ranged between (40 -55) years. Group (B) test group (100 subjects) with family history of glaucoma, their ages ranged between (30 -40) years. Clinical investigation of glaucoma in this study started in June 2004 - July 2006 at Makka Eye Complex Clinic in Khartoum. Functional tests included: vision test - refraction and correction - ophthalmoscopy - tonometry - perimetry - gonioscopy - contrast sensitivity test by Lea Symbol Chart - Colour vision test by (colour vision test made easy) Stoical analysis of data as follows: The results revealed that contrast sensitivity was low in glaucoma about 100% in group (A) The results revealed that contrast sensitivity was low in about 14% in group (B), because the cause is a family history of glaucoma. The results revealed that contrast sensitivity was normal in about 86% in group (B). The correlation between contrast sensitivity and Ovisual field in early and moderate defects was significant. The correlation and Chi-Square with contrast sensitivity and cup disc ratio - IOP - gonioscopy was weak (positive or negative). In addition there were significant relation between contrast sensitivity and refractive state of the eye. The results revealed that, there was not any relation between colour vision and glaucoma in this stage. Contrast sensitivity recommended as a diagnostic tool in primary open angle glaucoma. Keywords: Contrast sensitivity test - Lea symbol chart - Colour vision test - colour _vision test made easy - Primary open angle glaucoma - test group - Control group.Item NROLE OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE IN ROAD(Alneelain University, 2009) Ahmed Elsiddig Abd Elbagi HamadAbstract This study aimed to investigate relationship between vision and road accidents in Sudan highways considering visual performance of the drivers working along Khartoum — Maddani road. It also considers the visual requirement of the license approval. However the road conditions, rules and regulation of the traffic would be looked at. The data collected by questionnaire distributed among 213 drivers taking their opinion about the road condition, driving difficulties facing them, causes of accidents and their suggestions for avoiding accidents. Clinical examinations were performed for 181 drivers at Khartoum land port. Functional tests included; refraction (automated refractometer), visual acuity (Log Mar), contrast sensitivity (Pelli Robson), visual field (arc perimeter), stereopsis (Titmus test), colour vision (Ishahara plates), inner eye (direct ophthalmoscope) and outer eye examination (torch and magnifier). The results obtained showed that 42.2% of subjects had been involved in road accidents, (60.6%) were due to human factors, (45.5%) to road condition, (5.6%) caused by animals and (1.4%) result from vehicle failure. Results revealed that (26.8%) of the drivers complained of glare, (15%) of tearing, (12.7%) of blurring of vision while (9.9%) of them complained of sleeping during driving. IItem Contrast Sensitivity And Colour Vision As Diagnostic Tools In Primary Open angle Glaucoma(Neelain University, 2004) Ahmed Ali Ahmed ElnimryAbstract This is the first clinical study of its kind in Sudan. The purpose of this study is to investigate primary open angle glaucoma by contrast sensitivity and colour vision. Current data consist of (200 sample).There were divided into two groups. Group (A) Comtrol group (100 subjects), their ages ranged between (40 -55) years. Group (B) test group (100 subjects) with family history of glaucoma, their ages ranged between (30 -40) years. Clinical investigation of glaucoma in this study started in June 2004 - July 2006 at Makka Eye Complex Clinic in Khartoum. Functional tests included: vision test - refraction and correction - ophthalmoscopy - tonometry - perimetry - gonioscopy - contrast sensitivity test by Lea Symbol Chart - Colour vision test by (colour vision test made easy) Stoical analysis of data as follows: The results revealed that contrast sensitivity was low in glaucoma about 100% in group (A) The results revealed that contrast sensitivity was low in about 14% in group (B), because the cause is a family history of glaucoma. The results revealed that contrast sensitivity was normal in about 86% in group (B). The correlation between contrast sensitivity and Ovisual field in early and moderate defects was significant. The correlation and Chi-Square with contrast sensitivity and cup disc ratio - IOP - gonioscopy was weak (positive or negative). In addition there were significant relation between contrast sensitivity and refractive state of the eye. The results revealed that, there was not any relation between colour vision and glaucoma in this stage. Contrast sensitivity recommended as a diagnostic tool in primary open angle glaucoma. Keywords: Contrast sensitivity test - Lea symbol chart - Colour vision test - colour _vision test made easy - Primary open angle glaucoma - test group - Control group.