PHD theses : Pharmacy

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    the use of gum arabic fractios as dietary fiber supplements for chronic renal failure patients
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2006-03) intisar abdelrahim bashir
    Abstract , V\ ';.| ~ "/"m Gum Arabic from Acuciu .\'uI1cgul/iWild) has been fractionated by foaming method into two fractions, high protein fraction (fraction H) that represents 30% of the gum and a low protein fractiontfraction I.) which represents 70% of the gum. A comparative study between the crude gum and the two fractions carried out in the scope of their physico-chemical properties and their effects when 25g / day of each '> was given to chronic renal failure patients(sixty pfliifi/lllLdlVld€d into three groups)’ " each group is composed of twenty subjects) on low protein diet and conservative management for four weeks. Non-protein nitrogenous(NPN) compounds(blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid), total protein, albumin and electrolytes(P5+, Ca“) and the level of haemoglobin and EV of their blood were monitored. The proximate analysis of the crudjgum, fractions H and L revealed that, the moisture content and specific rotation were insignificantly different whereas ash%, acid insoluble ash%, acid insoluble matter°/0 and pl-l were significantly different but all of them fall within JliCl‘/\ range. The nitrogen content, protein content and the intrinsic viscosity were, highly, significantly different whereas fraction H had the highest content of nitrogen, protein and intrinsic viscosity. Mineral compositiontcalcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, copper, zinc and iron) of crude gum, fractions H and I. revealed that fraction L had the highest content of calcium whereas fraction H had the highest content of potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron. Crude gum had the highest content of sodium. The analysis of the crude gum, fractions ll and l. by GPC-MALLS(gel permeation chromatography with multi angle laser light scattering connected to RI‘. and UV detectors) revealed that fraction ll had the highest molecular weight(LS detector) and similar protein content(U\/ detector) when compared with crude gum, whereas fraction L had the lowest molecular weight and protein content different D i I from that of crude gum. GPC also indicated that fractions L and H had the same carbohydrate structure as crude gum(RI detector). The effect of supplementation of chronic renal failure patients with crude gum, fraction H and L for four weeks revealed that fraction L had significant effect in decreasing level of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and Psi, and also it had significant effect in increasing level of blood Ca” if the patient consumed it for four weeks but it had not significant effect in the level of haemoglobin, PCV, total protein and albumin. Whereas crude gum and fraction H had insignificant effect on the level of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, Psl, Ca“, haemoglobin and PCV. The subjects consumed fraction L in a solution form for four weeks then after two weeks was orally administrated to crude gum for another four weeks their investigations revealed that the level of creatinine, uric acid and Psl were significantly different whereas the level of blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, Call, haemoglobin and PCV were insignificantly different. For the group of patients supplemented with fraction H for four weeks and then crossed over with crude gum, the level of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, Psi and Ca“ were not significantly different whereas the level of haemoglobin and PCV was significantly different. V