Masters theses:Petroleum
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.neelain.edu.sd/handle/123456789/4963
Browse
91 results
Search Results
Item REMOTE SENSING AND GIS INVESTIGATIONS FOR GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND MINERAL PROSPECTING, HAIYA- TOHAMIYAM AREA, RED SEA HILLS, NE SUDAN(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2011) Adam Alsaid Blila MohammedABSTRACT Remote Sensing and GIS investigations were carried out in the area around Haiya- Tohamiyam town in the Red Sea Hills, NE Sudan. The study aimed to update the geological map at scale of 50K and mineral prospecting for the alteration zones-related to mineralizations. The optical multispectral Landsat 8 OLI fused with Sentinel 2 data, beside the VNIR_SWIR ASTER semi hyperspectral and SRTM elevation data are the main utilized remotely sensed data. The study area is a part of Haiya terrane (HT) of the late Proterozoic Arabian- Nubian Shield (ANS). The Haiya terrane consists predominantly of arc- back arc low-grade metavolcanosedimentary sequences decorated with dismembered ophiolitic rocks and intruded by granitoids intrusions of different age. The image transformations of the fused Landsat 8 OLI data are the main digital image processing operations. The Decorrelation Stretching of triple sets (bands 7, 5 and 2 in R, G & B) and (bands 6, 5 and 4 in R, G & B) are superior than the normal Linear Stretching (LS) and Saturation Stretching (SS) results of the same triple sets in the visual interpretation in geological context. In addition, the Principal Component Transformation Analysis (PCA) gave good results in the triple sets FCC images (PC1, PC2 & PC3 in R, G & B) and (PC1, PC2 & PC4 in R, G & B). DIP’s resultant images yielded an overall good lithological discrimination for various units and structural manifestations. The SRTM - DEM elevation data provides geomorphological and hydrological information. The updated geological map (50K scale map) revealed that the study area consists of highly-deformed crystalline basement of low- grade metavolcanosedimentary sequences, predominantly basic, acidic –intermediate metavolcanics, banded amphibolites, interbedded carbonates and other metasediments, which intruded by syn- to late-orogenic granites and cut by post-orogenic granites. The Recent and Quaternary Superficial aeolian and alluvial deposits cover partially the underlain basement rocks as sand dunes and Wadi deposits. The band ratios FCC images of Sabins’ (6/7, 4/6 and 4/2 in R, G & B), and Abram’s (6/7-6/5-4/2 in R, G & B), delineate the alteration zones in the study area. The obtained results authenticated by the Feature Oriented Principal Components (FOPCT) results of the two sets for F- and H- images. The FCC image known as Crosta’s alteration zones image (F-image, {F + H image}, H-image in the R, G and B respectively). The image transformations revealed that the alteration zones are associated with the basic metavolcanics and exo-endo contacts of the post orogenic granites with other metavolcanics. The ASTER semi hyperspectral data have been treated with Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) classifier. The MTMF classifier matches the spectral signatures of the indicator minerals with similar spectra from the ASTER–USGS spectral library. MTMF classifier images portrayed at least many sites as highly probable alteration mineralization zones in the NE part of the study are, which conformable with results obtained from Landsat 8 OLI data. This study revealed that the results of mineral prospecting investigations obtained from ASTER data are more superior than those obtained from Landsat data, have good capability in distinguishing the spectral signatures of the indicator minerals and in the delineation the alteration halos related to mineralization zones. الخلاصة أجريت دراسات الإستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية في منطقة هيا - تهاميم بجبال البحر الأحمر في شمال شرق السودان. تهدف الدراسة الي تطوير الخارطة الجولوجية الي مقياس رسم 1: 50000 وإجراء التنقيب المعدني بدلالات هالات التحلل المصاحبة الي التمعدنات. إستخدمت في هذه الدراسة المرئيات المتعددة الأطياف للأقمار الإصطناعية لاندسات 8 ووسنتينل 2 بالإضافة الي بيانات أستر ومعلومات الإرتفاعات الرقمية SRTM DEM elevation data. تقع منطقة الدراسة في كتلة هيا من ضمن الدرع العربي النوبي وتتكون من صخور معقد الأساس التي تتكون من صخور قوسية وخلف قوسية للبركانيات والرسوبيات المتحولة في درجة التحول المنخفضة وتتزين بصخور الأفيولايت في مناطق الدروز والتي تتداخات فيها صخور الجرانيت المختلفة الأعمار. تمت معالجة الصور الرقمية للمرئيات المتعددة الأطياف لاندسات 8 المدمجة بمعطيات سنتينل 2، وكانت تقنية تحور الصور هي التقنيات المطبقة. وأظهرت تقنية المط الغير مرتبط Decorrelation Stretching بأنها أفضل في التفسير النظري للتطبيقات الجيولوجية وظهر ذلك جلياً في الصور الملونة الكاذبة من طقم الحزم 7، 5 و2 وطقم 6، 5 و4 من النتائج المماثلة لنفس الطقم بإستخدام تقنية المط الخطي Linear Stretching والمط التشبعي Saturation Stretching . كما أبان تحليل الركبات الأساسية بإعطاء نتائج جيدة وذلك من خلال الصور الملونة الكاذبة المكونة من الطقم (PC1, PC2 & PC3) والطقم (PC1, PC2 & PC4) . نتائج معالجات الصور الرقمية صور طيفية متباينة أتاحت التفريق الصخري وتحديد العتاصر التركيبية الرئيسية في منطقة الدراسة، دعمت النتائج بيانات الإرتفاعات الرقمية التي أعطت المزيد من المعلومات الجيومورفولوجية والهايدرولوجية. تم تطوير الخارطة الجيولوجية للمنطقة في مقياس رسم 1:50000 والتي أبانت أن منطقة الدراسة تتكون من صخورمعقد الأساس متعدد التشوهات وأغلبها هي صخور الرتبة المنخفضة من تسلسلات البركانيات المتحولة القاعدية وتلك الحمضية والمتوسطة والإمفيبولايت الخطي، مع تواجد طبقات الرسوبيات المتحولة وصخور الرخام. تتداخلت في هذه التسلسلات صخور المتوافقة للجرانيت المتلازم والمتأخر النشأة وبعدها تتداخلت صخور الغير متوفقة للجرانيت الحديث. تغطي هذه الصخور برسوبيات الرباعية والحديثة من الكثبان الرملية ورسوبيات الوديان. استخدمت طرق تحور الصور لتحديد نطاقات وهالات التحلل المصاحبة للتمعدنات، وتم إستخدان تقنية قسمة الحزم الطيفية لإنشاء صور ملونة كاذبة ، وأظهرت الصور الملونة الكاذبة المسماة بأسم سابين (Sabins ) المتكونة من قسمة الحزم الطيفية ’ (6/7, 4/6 and 4/2 in R, G & B), and Abram’s وتلك المعروفة بأسم إبرام ( Abram) و المتكونة من قسمة الحزم الطيفية (6/7-6/5-4/2 in R, G & B)بأنها جيدة في تحديد وترسيم هالات التحلل الطيفي المصاحب لنطاقات تحلل التمعدنات. دعمت هذه النتائج بإستخدام تقنية تحلل المكونات الأساسية الإنتقائية الموجهة Feature Oriented Principal Components (FOPCT) والتي تعطي صور تعرف بصور أكاسيد الحديد وأخري صور المعادن الطينية ( F- and H- images ) والتي تدمج لنعطي ما يسمي صورة كروستا الملونة الكاذبة ( Crosta’s alteration zones image) لتحديد هالات التحلل المصاحب للتمعدنات والتي تتكون من الحزم (F-image, {F + H image}, H-image in the R, G and B). أظهرت هذه التقنيات بأن هالات التحلل مصاحبة للصخور البركانية القاعدية المتحولة والنطاقات الداخلية-الخارجية للمتداخلات الجرانيتيى الحديثة. أستخدمت طريقة التصنيف (MTMF) لبيانات القمر الإصطناعي أستر ASTER في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من منطقة الدراسة. وتم تطابق المنحيات الطيفية طريقة التصنيف (MTMF) لمعطيات القمر أستر بالبصمات الطيفية للمعادن المؤشرة في المكتبة الطيفية لهيئة الأبحاث الجيولوجية الأمريكية. أظهر مصنف MTMF مناطق تمعدن محتملة وقد كانت متوافقة مع النتائج المستجلبة من نتائج تحليل الصور للقمر الإصطناعي لاندسات 8. أظهرت هذه الدراسة أن نتائج تحقيقات التنقيب عن المعادن التي تم الحصول عليها من بيانات ASTER أعلى من تلك التي تم الحصول عليها من بيانات Landsat ، حيث تتميز الأولى بدقة طيفية أعلى ومن ثم فهي تتمتع بقدرة جيدة على التمييز بين البصمات الطيفية لمعادن المؤشر. وفي الترسيم هالات التغيير المتعلقة بمناطق التمعدن.Item Petrophysical Evaluation and Reservoir Summation of Bentiu Formation —Diffra west Area, Muglad Basin, Sudan(AL-Neelain University, 2016) Omer Eisa Hamid KhalifaThis study represents the petrophysical evaluation of Bentiu Formation- Muglad basin, Diflia west oil field block (4) using well logs. A Sl1CC¢SSfl.11pClJ‘0phySiC3.1 interpretation for any hydrocarbon system still motivates the researchers, to conduct more studies to discover a new productive zones as well as to sustain their continuity productivity. In this study petrophysical evahtation had been done for five wells using Interactive Petrophysics software to detect the petroleum parameters and reservoir characteristics in the study area. Focusing on Bentiu formation Evaluation which is the main reservoir at this part of Muglad basin manually compared with interpretation for all logs have been done to confirm the sofiware results. Many reservoirs in addition of many determination, water cuthad had been determined, which were considered to be negatively aflection on the fixture production rates. The solution of this reduction impact was aheady proposed. Comprehensive results were achieved atter calculating the amount and distribution of shale throw all the layers of Bentiu Formation using single curve method determination, the average porosity of Bentiu Formation about 15%, and average water saturation had also been determined by 62% these values were considered to be very compatible with the characteristics of the reservoirs but some diiferent cases had been noted, such as high water cut in Difiial about (93%) and in Difliai about (94%).Item A 3D Geological Reservoir Evaluation of Lower Aradeiba Formation in Hamra East Field, Muglad Basin - Sudan(Al-Neelain University, 2019) Bushar Omer Mahmoud BusharAbstract A 3D reservoir modelling study was carried out in Hamra East oil field, which located in block 2B, Muglad Basin, Sudan. The aims of this study is to integrate all available data to build a representative and predictive 3D geological model for lower Aradeiba sand reservoir in order to capture heterogeneities that significantly impact the flow of fluids and estimate the oil in place. A 3D geological model was built up using Petrel software for all of the reservoirs that incorporating all geophysical, geological and petrophysical data. Variogram based techniques were used in the properties distribution. All fourteen available wells have been correlated and two sub-layers have been divided vertically based on the stratigraphic characteristics from large scale to small scale across the field. All fault surfaces coincide with the interpreted fault polygons. Horizon surfaces, which have been generated are matched very well with the seismic surfaces and well tops. The porosity distribution was constrain to facies distribution in order to follow the geology. 3D saturation distribution from J function match well with logs saturation. Two productive sand reservoirs identified within lower part of Aradeiba formation divided in to D and D1 which is laterally continuous and appear in most of wells with good properties. The faceis analysis concluded that the Aradeiba Lower shales/sandstones formations are representing the characteristics of a lacustrine depositional environment with fluvial-deltaic channels. The source rock of the sediment is situated in northeastern of basin margin. The study was analyzed and identified the parameters that have largest effect on the reserve calculation and estimate the reserve in Aradeiba D and D1. الخلاصة أجريت دراسة نمذجة جيولوجية لتمثيل الخزان في الابعاد الثلاثة لحقل حمرة الشرقي للنفط ، والذي يقع في مربع 2 ب، حوض المجلد، السودان. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى دمج جميع البيانات المتاحة لبناء نموذج جيولوجي ثلاثي الأبعاد تمثيلي وتنبئي لخزان الرمل الموجود فى الجزء السفلى لمتكون عرديبة من أجل التقاط التجانس الذي يؤثر بشكل كبير في تدفق السوائل و من ثم تقدير الاحتياطي.. تم بناء النموذج الجيولوجي ثلاثي الأبعاد باستخدام برنامج بتريل Petrel هومن ضمن البرامج المستخدمة فى بناء النماذج الجيولوجية للخزانات. حيث تم ادخال المعلومات الجيوفيزيائية والجيولوجية والبتروفيزيائية المتاحة وتوزيعها وذلك باستخدام تقنية الفايروجرام Variogram في توزيع الخصائص. تم ربط ومضاهاة جميع الآبار الأربعة عشر المتاحة ، وتم تقسيم الخزان الى طبقتين رأسياً على أساس الخصائص الطبقية. حيث تمت مطابقة الصدوع و الطبقات المفسرة جيوفيزيائي مع تلك التي تم إنشاؤها فى النظام الثلاثى ، كما وزعت المسامية مقرونة بتوزيع السحنات من أجل متابعة الجيولوجيا. وتم حساب تشبع الهيدروكاربون فى النموذج ومقارنته بالتشبع المحسوب من تسجيلات الابار حيث كان مطابقا. تم تحديد خزانين رملين منتجين في الجزء السفلي من تكوين عرديبة مقسمان إلى D و D1 وهما متواصلان بشكل جانبي ويظهران في معظم الآبار و ذات خصائص جيدة. وخلص تحليل السحنات إلى أن التكوينات الصخرية الغرينية/ الرملية السفلية لمتكون عرديبة تمثل خصائص بيئية ترسب لبحيرات مع قنوات دلتا. مصدر هذه الرواسب يقع فى الاتجاه الشمال الشرقى للحوض. كما حددت الدراسة اكثر العوامل تاثيرا فى حساب الاحتياطى مع تقدير الاحتياطي في هذه التكاوين. وبناءا على هذه التحاليل اوصت الدراسة بزيادة المعلومات التى استخدمت فى هذه الدراسة والتاكد من مدى جودتها وملائمتها وذلك من اجل الحصول على نتائج افضل.Item Geotechnical properties and models of soils in the Eastern Nile of Khartoum state.(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2011) Mohammed Abdalwahab Mohammed AbualgasimIntroduction 1.1 General: Khartoum, the capital of the Sudan, is located at the confluence of the Blue and White Niles. (Fig.1.l). This research includes detailed applied geological data for foundation design. It aims to achieve the evaluation of soil characteristics of both surface strata and sub surface of the target area. 1.2 The Scope and Objectives of the Study: This study aims to achieve the following: -Recognition due to expansive potential of soil. ' -Safety measures have been weighted to avoid expansive potential damage. -This research invited the vast structure development and problem association with buildings, houses, and roads as cracks and damage. 1.3 Location and Accessibility: The study area is bounded by Lats 15° 30’ and 15° 45’ N and Longs 32° 30’ and 32° 45’ E, and covers about (800) km2 shows (Fig.1.2, Fig.1.3). The area under study extended aver from the Nile towards the east and from Soba East in the south to Jebal Elsilitate in the north. The study area is accessible through bridges on the Blue Nile and main River Nile and connected with northern and eastem Sudan paved roads.Item Interpretation Of Gravity And REmote Sensing Data For Improved Geological mapping North Of Port Sudan Area - Red Sea Region -sudan(AL-Neelain University, 2012) Mohammed Salah Ahmed El emamThe study area lies in NE Sudan and is situated in the Red Sea State It is bounded by latitudes (20° 19' 35.1" _ 21° 34' 20.5" N) and longitudes (36° 53' 37.92" _ 37° 12' 47" E). It cover approximately 3539 sq km, almost The whole area covered by Mohammed Qol and Dungunab (l:250.000) toposheets of the Sudan Smvey Department. Difierent digital image processing techniques have been applied to Landsat ETM+ image in order to increase the discrimination between various lithological units. Image sharpening was performed to enhance the spatial resolution of the image for more detailed information. Contrast stretching was applied, after the various digital processing procedures to produce more interpretable images. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transfomiation yield saturated images and resulted in more interpretable image than the original data. Several ratio images were prepared, combined together and displayed in RGB color composite ratios images. All the images, obtained through the above mentioned processes, have used simultaneously to produce the geological map of the study area in the GIS environment. Gravity point data obtained by diiferent oil companies was used in the present study. Polynomial fitting was used in order to separate the regional from the residual component of the gravity. The first and second vertical derivatives and the first horizontal derivative were computed in order to study the presence of faults. Moreover, three profiles were constructed across the residual gravity map in an approximately NS, NE- SW and NW-SE directions cutting the most prominent anomalies in the area. The outcome of the present study is the modeling of the subsurface geology of the study area based on the residual gravity map and the above- mentioned three profiles.Item Earthquake vulnerability assesment for khartoum state using nakamura(Al-Neelain University, 2014) Amain elkhidir mohammed khidier belawilAbstract Earthquake is considered to be one of the most natural hazards affecting human being due to its sudden happening in addition to what finally result out of its occasional happening of human and artificial losses. Various deferent studies and field observations which took place for the site which was physically subjected to destructive earthquake that there is a different cfiect on the degree of influence in spite of the fact of its occurrence on the same site area out of the earthquake, and that there very clear relation between earthquake destructively percentage and the soil natureof same site. Generally the surface layers are normally exposed to vibration by natural forces (storm, sea wave) and artificial forces (human, trafiic, factory). Natural induce tremor of long period (2, 3 sec to 20), called microseismic, artificial force create tremors of shorter period, and is called microtremor. This technique is called Nakamura technique. The study area is located between longitude 430000-480000 casting and 1690000-1760000 northing in Khartoum state, being the capital of Sudan, and it is out of the basic center, for all strategic plans and important development projects in addition to existing and availability of many manufacturing as well as Khartomn refinery. The overall objective of this study is to determine the fundamental frequency, amplification and vulnerability for every measurement points. To enable both civil and architectural engineer to benefit out this study in strategic development project. The results shows two spectral amplitudes for site 2 and 7, on which the first peak is probably associated with the site response characteristics of sediments. The other sites show one peak of the spectral amplitudes which are obvious effects sediments. Specual ratios show different principle peak from 0.3 to 3.9 Hz for all sites. Site east Tebna, west El Sumra , which is located on high fractured granitic rocls, shows deferent values and shape of spectral ratio. A map that reflected the fundamental characteristic of possible side effects in the city.Item Estmation of aquifer hydralie parametes from surficus electrical resistivy capabilite in ne part of khartoum basin(Al-Neelain University, 2014) Nasr aldin hamid abdallaABSTRACT Abu Deleig is a transitional area between Butana basement terrain to the east; and Khartoum and Shendi sedimentary basins to the west and northwest directions, respectively. Geologically, it is covered by Cenozoic sediments and sandstone of Cretaceous age unconforrnably overlying the Precambrian basement rocks. The main objective of the present study is to use the application of the geophysical methods in combination with pumping tests data for some boreholes to provide a cost—effective and efiicient alternative tool to estimate aquifer parameters. The study used an integrated approach‘s, Satellite images have been used for delineation of lineaments and drainage systems, followed by a structural analysis and geophysical investigations including gravity and resistivity methods. The interpretation of the remotely sensed data revealed that the drainage pattem is structurally controlled and Wadi Al I-lawad is the southem continuation of the Keraf Shear Zone with trend N-S, the related minor fractures in a NE—SW direction exhibit nomial faults goveming the geometry of the basin. The geophysical investigations confirmed the findings of structural analysis and portrayed the subsurface geometry of the sub-basin. The interpretation of the gravity data revealed that the depth to the basement increases from 20 m at Abu Deleig in step form to more than 400 m and extends to 40 km in NW direction in a prism-like shape with its apex occurring at Abu Deleig toum and extends 40 km in NW direction. Electrical resistivity survey confirms the existence of two groundwater aquifers. An upper aquifer composed mainly of alluvial sediments and shallow sandstone is found at depths ranging between 20-30 m; while the lower aquifer is predominantly Cretaceous sandstone found_at depths below 50 m, each of these aquifers shows a wide range of variable hydraulic parameters, due to the high in-homogeneity of the sedimentary formations. An integrated approach of estimating aquifer parameters from electrical resistivity and pumping test data is a good altemative to drilling more wells and conducting pump tests. A relationship has been established between electrical and hydraulic parameters for the area where borehole information is very sparse and grain size data is not available. The study area has thick beds of coarse sand with sufficient transmissivities to act as good aquifer in the northwestem part, whereas the eastem and south eastem pan is dominated by shallow basement depth and variable hydraulic conductivities. Thick alluvial strata with high hydraulic conductivity qualify for drilling a production well in the northwestem part of the study area. llItem Inter preation of graving and remote sensing date for imroved geological mapping of port sudan area read see region sudan(Al Neelain llniversity, 2012) mohmmed salah ahmedABSTRACT The study area lies in NE Sudan and is situated in the Red Sea State It is bounded by latitudes (20° 19' 35.l" _ 21° 34' 20.5" N) and longitudes (36° 53' 37.92" _ 37° 12' 47" E). It cover approximately 3539 sq km, almost The whole area covered by Mohammed Qol and Dungunab (l:250.000) toposheets of the Sudan Sinvey Department. Difi”erent digital image processing techniques have been applied to Landsat ETM+ image in order to increase the discrimination between various lithological units. Image sharpening was performed to enhance the spatial resolution of the image for more detailed information. Connast stretching was applied, after the various digital processing procedures to produce more interpretable images. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transfomiation yield saturated images and resulted in more interpretable image than the original data. Several ratio images were prepared, combined together and displayed in RGB color composite ratios images. All the images, obtained through the above mentioned processes, have used simultaneously to produce the geological map of the study area in the GIS environment. Gravity point data obtained by difierent oil companies was used in the present study. Polynomial fitting was used in order to separate the regional from the residual component of the gravity. The first and second vertical derivatives and the first horizontal derivative were computed in order to study the presence of faults. Moreover, three profiles were constructed across the residual gravity map in an approximately NS, NE- SW and NW-SE directions cutting the most prominent anomalies in the area. The outcome of the present study is the modeling of the subsurface geology of the study area based on the residual gravity map and the above- mentioned three profiles.Item Earthquake vulnerability assesment for khartoum state using nakamura(Al-Neelain University, 2014) Amain elkhidir mohammed khidier belawilAbstract Earthquake is considered to be one of the most natural hazards affecting human being due to its sudden happening in addition to what finally result out of its occasional happening of human and artificial losses. Various deferent studies and field observations which took place for the site which was physically subjected to destructive earthquake that there is a different cfiect on the degree of influence in spite of the fact of its occurrence on the same site area out of the earthquake, and that there very clear relation between earthquake destructively percentage and the soil natureof same site. Generally the surface layers are normally exposed to vibration by natural forces (storm, sea wave) and artificial forces (human, trafiic, factory). Natural induce tremor of long period (2, 3 sec to 20), called microseismic, artificial force create tremors of shorter period, and is called microtremor. This technique is called Nakamura technique. The study area is located between longitude 430000-480000 casting and 1690000-1760000 northing in Khartoum state, being the capital of Sudan, and it is out of the basic center, for all strategic plans and important development projects in addition to existing and availability of many manufacturing as well as Khartomn refinery. The overall objective of this study is to determine the fundamental frequency, amplification and vulnerability for every measurement points. To enable both civil and architectural engineer to benefit out this study in strategic development project. The results shows two spectral amplitudes for site 2 and 7, on which the first peak is probably associated with the site response characteristics of sediments. The other sites show one peak of the spectral amplitudes which are obvious effects sediments. Specual ratios show different principle peak from 0.3 to 3.9 Hz for all sites. Site east Tebna, west El Sumra , which is located on high fractured granitic rocls, shows deferent values and shape of spectral ratio. A map that reflected the fundamental characteristic of possible side effects in the city. IVItem Estmation of aquifer hydralie parametes from surficus electrical resistivy capabilite in ne part of khartoum(Al-Neelain University, 2014) Nasr aldin hamid abdalla adam