PHD theses : Commerce

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.neelain.edu.sd/handle/123456789/12095

Browse

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1

The Rorrle Of Federalism In Social Services And Development
(Al Neelain University, 2005-11) Alfred Ambo Simon
This research in an ex-post evaluation of Federalism in the Sudan after it has been implemented for a period of eight (8) years (1994-2002) with reference to Southern Kordofan State . An evaluation refers to taking stock of relative “ success” or “ failure” of the Federal policy to achieve it objectives viz social services and development . This topic is selected for research because the “ results and recommendations” of the an ex-post evaluation will be a “ trigger (sign)” for future planning, modify plans review the assumptions or even reformulate the federal policy or planned objectives . Two hypotheses (assumptions ) underlined or postulated . ' That Federalism has partially succeeded and failed in achieving a high degree of performance in its overall objectives in term of social services and development in Southem Kordofan State during the period (1994-2002 ) . The services deﬁned to include : Education Health Services Water Electricity Transport These services are the “ speciﬁc objectives” or “ components” for achieving the planned overall objectives . They are also used as “ indirect indicators” for measuring development and used as well as “ an aid ” for ex-post evaluation of federalism in southem Kordofan state . That there are some major general causes for “ underdevelopment “ in southem Kordofan state . These include : Overoptimistic planning for the creation of twenty six (26) states in Sudan. The state’s shortage of local sources of revenue . Lack of Federal ( Central ) Government commitment to its ﬁnancial targets in the plan for the state . Lack of qualiﬁed staff or technical manpower in the state . The negative impact of the Constitutional Decree of April 2001 for the abolition of agricultural fees ( Gibana ) on the local revenue of state , localities and on the farmers’ production . The negative impact of Colonial legacy on development of Southem Kordofan state . To conﬁrm whether these causes are the real reasons or not for underdevelopment in southern Kordofan state , questionnaires ( in Arabic) are used to get the opinions of the citizens of the state as well as information and data ofﬁcial sources, ( see appendix No l) The researcher adopted the historical case study and analytical for collecting the relevant data as well as ﬁeld survey using 2000 questionnaires for getting the opinions of the citizens as explained in the above second hypothesis of this research . In order to minimize some of the problems retarding development and deliverance of public goods to the citizens of the state as enumerated above , the following are suggested and recommended : * Southem Kordofan stat establishes govemance . * Southem Kordofan state creates a strong interstate relationship with the boarding states . Many boarder disputes could be resolved and settle cheaply between the state without involvement of security organs at the central level . * Federal Government ensures that appropriate division of functions exit between the state and Local Government by endowing each level with reasonable range of responsibilities with clear —cut boundaries. This is to avoid overlapping of powers and conﬂicts over functions and responsibilities . . * The state government ensures that participation and involvement begin at the grass- roots level . Rural Development (R.D) is determined byextent that it allows the people to participate effectively in development of their community . * Southern Kordofan stat embarks on creating new patterns for generating local revenue with minimum burden on the citizens . * The Federal Government responds positively to its ﬁnancial commitments for the state by remitting the grants — in — aid regularly to the state preferably, if the grants for the localities ( councils) could be paid directly to the respective councils as it used to be under the 1951 grants system . This is to ensure that the money reach the localities “wholly” and to avoid vetoing powers of the state . * The state government establishes proﬁtable relationships with operating banks to secure systematic ﬁnance for promising “ Investment” Presently, there are no investment projects in the state . * Southern Kordofan state embarks on raising the professional and technical capabilities of its “ personnel” through “ capacity building teclmiques” . This is because the effectiveness and scope of federal state programmes are dependent to a large extent on the availability of a well-trained and competent manpower and the degree of control over administrative and technical personnel which at present lacking in the state . * The state embarks on framing a new incentives system to encourage diligence and efﬁciency and retain to professional and technocrats to attract them and make them stay in the state. Some of the causes for reluctance of professionals and technocrats to work in the state and in the remote areas is lack of incentives and fringe beneﬁts expected from the state . Hence, causes intemal migration an brain drain from the state. * The policy — makers and politicians avoids establishment of schools on political grounds and gives due consideration to the minimum educational requirements as laid down in the educational policy such as number of children or population — size of the proposed area or location and environment etc. * The state installs more pipeline system of water in the towns and semi- towns and dig more water pumps ; water yards and hafﬁrs etc. in the rural areas . * The state embarks on encouraging , acquiring , and installing more “solar energy” throughout the state . It more guaranteed and cheaper compared to electricity . It serves both urban and rural areas .Presently, the state power requirements need 20 megawatts the available power is 4 megawatts falling short by 16 megawatts . * The state embarks on upgrading and expanding the “ road network” This will make easy movement in the state and will enable the farmers to transport their surplus to a market place within a reasonable time and allow the gradual economic , social and political integration of isolated populations and ﬁght against poverty and food insecurity . It is assumed here that if these recommendations are accepted and adopted, the southem Kordofan state and Local Government will : Mobilize the citizens to generate more funds . Terminate the self — perpetuating cycle and dependency syndrome recipients . Deepened conﬁdence and loyalty oftheir people . Avoid strict accountability because the spending and taxing authorities are fused . Increase the capacity of state in ﬁscal arena. There must be clear —cut criteria for allocating of national wealth among states with maximum equity . Secure political accountability of people . They will be responsive to local demands in the performance and delivery of public goods an services . Popular participation in decision — making and evaluation on infonnation will be guaranteed .