Browsing by Author "Sami Omer Hag El Khidir"

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CURRICULUM VITAE
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) Sami Omer Hag El Khidir
Remote Sensing And Gis Investigations For Geological And Alteration Zones Related To Hydrothermal Mineralization Mapping, Maman Area, Eastern Sudan
(Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS, 2015) Sami Omer Hag El Khidir
ABSTRACT The optical multispectral of Landsat 7 Enhanced ETM+ is used for geological mapping and detection of the alteration zones related to hydrothermal mineralization in the area around Maman town, Eastern Sudan. The area represents a basement complex terrain dominated by low - grade ophiolitic - decorated metavolcanosedimentary sequences, intruded by orogenic grantoids and anorogenic granites, overlain by Recent alluvial and aeolian sediments. Digital image processing techniques involve pan sharpening fusion of simple linear stretching; and decorrelation stretching of triple sets (7, 4 and 1); and (7, 5 and 3) were used to discriminate various lithological units and structural manifestations for geological mapping. Additionally, the digital image processing is used to demarcate the alteration zones related to hydrothermal mineralization by their spectral signatures of the related iron oxides/ hydroxides and clay minerals. Spectral ratioing colour composite image (5/7, 4/5, 3/1) coupled with the Feature Oriented Principal Selection technique (FPCS) as Crosta’s image were applied to identify the spectral signatures of the alteration zones. Supervised classification of the produced images were vectorized and spatially analyzed in the GIS framework to demarcate the most probable alteration zones. The remote sensing applications with field geological and geochemical data disclose the existence of many potential promising prospective zones. These results show the strengthening of using the spectral and spatial analysis of the optical multispectral data in geological mapping and mineral exploration investigations. Geologic remote sensing has been widely applied in Sudan since the last century. It has been used for geological mapping, mineral exploration, geotechnical and hydrogeological investigations (El Khidir, et al. 2014; El Sheikh, et al. 2014 a & b; El Khidir and Babikir, 2013; Ali, et al. 2012; Kenea, 1997; and Abdelsalam, et al. 1995). Exploitation of remote sensing in mineral exploration is well understood by geological mapping, delineation the regional and local structural features such as fracture and faults. Ore deposits were identified through the detection of the hydrothermally altered rocks by their spectral signatures (Gupta, 2003; Sabins, 1999, 1997). 2. STUDY AREA The study area lies around Maman town, Kassala State, East Sudan, near the Eritrean borders. It is bounded by longitudes 36⁰ 28` and 37⁰ 00` E and latitudes 16⁰ 04` and 16⁰ 45` N (Fig. 1). The Maman area belongs to the Red Sea arid to semi –arid climate. Generally the rainfall in the Red Sea Hills is negligible in the north and slightly rainy in the south, the annual average is about 137 mm with occasional freak storms. Summer (March – October) is usually hot (up to 46° C) whereas a mild winter revealing between November – February. Due to the lack of rain water, the vegetation is scarce where bushes of thorn trees mainly acacia, are confined to khors and wadies. Geomorphologically, the area characterized by a rugged mountainous terrain. To the east the mountainous terrain extended in NS direction in the Eritrean borders, but grades gently westward to the flat plains of the River Gash watershed. The topography is generally controlled by structural and lithological factors. The flat plains are covered with aeolian sands and alluvial silts and marked by series interconnected hills. The drainage in the study area is well developed represented by many intermittent stream and khors. The drainage pattern is structurally controlled, and most wadies and khors follow fault plains and major joints. Hand dug wells along khors and wadies are the main water supply in the investigation area. bands and panchromatic of spatial resolution 30 m and 15 m, respectively. ii. Landsat 7, ETM+ data, path 171, row 49, acquisition date 2000‐10‐23, with 6 multispectral bands and panchromatic of spatial resolution 30 m and 15 m, respectively. 2. Previous georeferenced digital map of Robertson Research Map - Portsudan Sheet (GRAS, 1988)..
Spatial and structural analysis of remotely sensed –automatically extracted lineaments and geophysical survey for groundwater exploration in se bayuda desert, Sudan
(International Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics, 2015) Sami Omer Hag El Khidir
ABSTRACT The study area lies in the southeastern part of the Bayuda Desert area in the Nile State, northern Sudan. Although the River Nile great loop engulfs the Bayuda Desert, most of its parts are subjected to severe water shortage, as it is characterized by a basement complex terrain, typical desert climate and scarce rainfall. Tectonically, the area is located at the fringe of the low grade ophiolitic decorated – metavolcanosedimentary arc assemblages of the Nubian Shield (Pan African age) with the high-grade gneisses and migmatites of the Saharan Metacraton (Pre- Pan African?). The main objective of this study is utilize the remote sensing and GIS techniques to investigate the groundwater potentialities to provide water supply, especially for the construction of infrastructure utilities. The Landsat 7 ETM+ image and SRTM DEM data have been digitally processed to produce a geological map, automated extracted lineament and drainage patterns, which integrated with the GIS spatial and structural analysis to locate the optimum sites for groundwater exploration. The potential groundwater zones mapped from the density map are favoured by the open extensional and release fractures in NW –SE and ENE –WSW, respectively. Moreover, they are governed by the proximity to the highway and existence of recharging drainage system. The potential sites were authenticated by ground geophysical survey and drilling activities. 1. INTRODUCTION Sudan new development plans are based on the optimum utilization of the natural resources in sustainable manner and conserving the environment. These plans started with inauguration of the Merowe hydro-electric generating dam in the northern Sudan in March, 2009. Additionally many infrastructural projects have been established, highways and bridges and supporting industries of building material queries and mining have been established in northern region and specifically in the Bayuda Desert in the North Sudan. The essential demands for groundwater resources are crucial in developing regions especially those in barren basement terrain such as Bayuda Desert. Hydrogeological investigations and exploration for groundwater in barren basement terrains are guided by two main groups of criteria: the primary or surface indicators and secondary indicators. The primary indicators are directly related to the groundwater regime such as recharge and discharge zones, i.e. rivers, channels, lakes, which are usually genetically originated or structurally controlled, soil moisture and anomalous vegetation. Secondary indicators comprise those geological and morphological features that control the occurrence and distribution of groundwater and include the rock type, geological structures, landforms and drainage pattern (Singah and Gupta, 1999). 2. STUDY AREA The study area lies in the southeastern part of Bayuda Desert, within the River Nile State administrative boundaries in North Sudan. The area is bounded by the great loop of the River Nile between the fifth and fourth cataracts. Geographically, the area is bounded by longitudes 33° 00’– 34° 00’E and latitudes 17° 30’- 18° 00’N, respectively (Figure 1).