Browsing by Author "Manal Mohammed Hassan Ahmed"

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    Effectiveness of Structured Information, Education and Communication about Female Genital Cutting Towards Knowledge of Mothers-Alshegla-Omdurman City-Khartoum State 2015
    (جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Manal Mohammed Hassan Ahmed; Mustafa Elnimeiri
    Abstract Background: Female genital cutting (FGC) comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury» to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It represents a fundamental violation of women’s and girls’ rights. Objective: The overall objective was to investigate the effectiveness of structured information, education and communication about female genital cutting towards knowledge of mothers with girls aged (less thanl0) years old. Methods: Community-based interventional study was conducted fi"om December 2012 to December 20_15 at Alshegla in Omdurman City, Khartoum State. The estimated _sample size mounted to 291partieipants divided to two gr0ups;l46 participants (interventional group) and 145 participants (control group). The sample clusters were selected using simple random and all households in the selected clusters were included(single-stage cluster sampling). A pre-tested standardized administered questionnaire was developed and used for data collection pre and post health education sessions. The collected data were analyzed using the computer statistical package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: One third of both participants “groups”; intervention group(37.7%) and control group (35.9%) were in age group (26 to 35) years. The results showed that the vast majority of intervention group participants had knowledge about the meaning of Female Genital Cutting. Their percentages were (89.7%) in pretest measurement and (95.90%) at posttest measurement. The control group participants who had knowledge were (92.5%) in pretest and (84.9%) in posttest. Most of the participants76.00%in the intervention group in the pre test measurement were able to identify that Female Genital Cutting is against Human Rights. This percentage increased to (89.70%) in posttest measurement. However, those participants were unable to identify the components of human rights of women; (64.7%) of participants in pretest measurement and it decreased to (29.8%)in posttest measurement,(P=0/01). There was slight change in the control group. Only (26.7) of intervention group participants had good knowledge about female genital cutting types in the pretest measurementincreased to (64.30)in the post test measurement G’ value =0.00)andalso the participant in control group had lowest level of knowledge with no change (26.7%) pre-test measurement and (26%) post-test measurement. More than half of participants in the both measures were know the female genital cutting is prevailing due to social reason (P value =0.45). The vast majority of the intervention group knew that the female genital cutting had adverse consequences on women health (87, 9%) in pre-test measurement increased to (100%) At Post Measurement (P value =0.00) for participant in control group also knew (84.9%) in pretest measurement and (82.9%)in post- test measurement. . Conclusion: The knowledge about meaning of female genital cutting and its adverse consequence on women health is good and it is augmented by informative education and communication (IEC) activities. Knowledge about human rights of women then improved afier IEC activities. The female genital cutting is prevailing by the social reason furtherance of intervention activities may eliminate this practice.
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    Effectiveness of Structured Information, Education and Communication about Female Genital Cutting towards Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitude- Alshegla-Omdurman City-Khartoum State 2016
    (AL-Neelain University, 2016) Manal Mohammed Hassan Ahmed
    Abstract Background: Female genital cutting comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It represents a fundamental violation of women’s and girls’ rights. Objective: The overall objective was to investigate the effectiveness of structured information, education and communication about female genital cutting towards knowledge and attitude of mothers with girls aged (less than10) years old. Methodology:This study was a community-based interventional study was conducted during three weeks at Alshegla in Omdurman City, Khartoum State. The estimated sample size was 291participants divided into two groups; 146 participants (interventional group) and 145 participants (control group). The sample clusters were selected using simple random and all households in the selected clusters were included (single-stage cluster sampling). A pre-tested standardized administered questionnaire was developed and used for data collection pre and post information education and communication activities, three and five points Likert type scale was used. The collected data were analyzed using the computer statistical package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The results showed that about 95.9%of intervention group participants had recognized the meaning of female genital cutting at posttest measurement. Most of the participants89.70%in the intervention group couldidentify that female genital cutting is against human rights of women and girls in posttest measurement. However, those participants were unable to identify the components of human rights of women; about29.8% in posttest measurement. Only 26.7 of intervention group participants had good knowledge about female genital cutting types in the pretest measurement and this percentage increased to (64.30) in the post test measurement (P value =0.00).More than half of participants in the both measures were recognized that the female genital cutting is prevailing due to social reasons (P value =0.45).all of the participants in intervention group had knowledge about female genital cutting health adverse consequences on women health posttest measurement, however 69. 2% of the intervention group participants in posttest measurement of had good knowledge about the nature of these consequences. In addition, about 52.70% of the intervention group participants in theposttest were disagreed that female genital cutting keep female genitalia clean.The result showed that 46.60% of the intervention group participantsdisagreed that continuation of the practice this percentages increased to 65.8% after information, education and communication activities. The intention of the mothers to circumcise their young daughters decreased from 45.2% to18.5% in the intervention group, but it decreased in the control group from 49.3% to 39%. Concerning the participants female genital cutting reason the result reveal that 12 participants from intervention group participants after information education and communication activities they intended to circumcise their daughters in future for sexual reason ,and 33 participants from control group they intended to circumcise their daughters in future for social reason. Conclusion: The structure information education and communication activities augmented the mothers’ knowledge about the meaning of female genital cutting, adverse consequence on women health and human rights of women .the prevailing reason of female genital cutting was social reason .The mothers’ attitude toward female genital cutting was improved about believed that it’s not socio cultural important, the female genital cutting prevent adultery and it’s clean the female genitalia. Recommendations: Parents and grandmothers require face to face information education and communication programs about female genital cutting to generate knowledge about the causes and consequences of female genital cutting, and how to eliminate this practice. المستخلص المقدمة: ختان الاناث يشمل جميع الاجراءات التي تنطوي على الازالة الجزئية او الكلية للأعضاء التناسلية الخارجية للأنثى او الحاق اصابات اخرى بتلك الاعضاء التناسلية الانثوية لأسباب غير طبية يمثل انتهاكا اساسيا في حقوق المرأة والفتاة. اهداف الدراسة: الهدف من الدراسة هو التحقق من فعالية المعلومات المهيكله ,الاتصال و التثقيف عن ختان الاناث على معرفة و سلوك امهات البنات الائى تقل اعمارهن عن عشرة سنوات. منهجية البحث: هذه دراسة تدخلية مجتمعية أجريت من ديسمبر 2012 الى ديسمبر 2015 بمنطقة الشقلة جنوب محلية امدر مان بولاية الخرطوم. لقد تم اختيار مائتين و واحد وتسعين مشاركا قسموا الى مجموعتين المجموعة الاولي(146مشاركا) هي المجموعة التي أجري عليها التدخل، اما المجموعة الثانية(145مشاركا) هي المجموعة الضابطة وقد تم الاختيار عن طريق العينة العنقودية البسيطة. جمعت البيانات عن طريق استبيان موحد تم اختباره خارج منطقة البحث ثم بعد ذلك استخدم قبل وبعد التدخل وذلك لتوليد الخصائص الشخصية وسلوك الامهات تجاه ختان الاناث. تم قياس السلوك بمقياس ليكبرت الخماسي. استخدم برنامج الحزم الاحصائية لتحليل البيانات النسخة العشرون وعرض في شكل جداول. النتائج: اظهرت النتائج ان 95.5% من المجموعة التى اجرى عليها التدخل لها معرفة عن معنى قطع الاجزاء التناسلية الانثوية بعد التدخل .معظم المشاركين من المجموعة التى اجرى عليها التدخل يعرفون ان قطع الاجزا التناسلية الانثوية ضد حقوق الانسان الخاصة بالمراة وكان ذلك بعد التدخل الا انهم لم يستطيعوا ان يتعرفوا على ماهية هذه الحقوق بعد التدخل بنسبة 29.9. فقط 26.7% من المجموعة التي اجرى عليها التدخل لديهم معرفة جيدة بان قطع الاجزا التناسلية الانثوية له انواع وقد زادت هذه النسبة الي 64.3% بعد التدخل. اكثر من نصف المشاركين