Browsing by Author "Ahmed Kamal Bolad, Hytham Ahmed Abuagla"

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Relation between Endothelial Protein C Receptor Gene Polymorphisms rs867186 and rs9574, and the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Sudanese
(2016) Ahmed Kamal Bolad, Hytham Ahmed Abuagla; Awad Omer Ahmed, Khalid Mohamed Adam
Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) can lead to a serious fatal pulmonary embolism. Many genetic risk factors may predispose to DVT; one of these is the mutation in the PROCR gene responsible for the production of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), which plays an important role in activation of protein C (PC). The objective of the present study was to examine the association between the rs867186 and rs9574 polymorphism in the PROCR gene and the occurrence of DVT in Sudanese individuals. Methods: A total of 100 Sudanese DVT patients and 100 apparently healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acie (EDTA)-anticoagulated blood samples were collected from all participants. Genomic DNA was extracted and PROCR gene product was amplified by a standard ploymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction. PCR products were sequenced to identify PROCR gene polymorphisms. Results: The frequency of mutated allele of rs867186 was significantly higher in the DVT patient (41%) than in healthy control (21%). The presence of mutated allele of rs867486 increases the risk of DVT 3 folds. There was no significant difference in the frequency of mutated allele of rs9574 polymorphism between the DVT patients and the healthy control subjects. Further, it does not show an increase in the risk of DVT. The adjustment of gender, ethnic group, and body mass index (BMI) does not change the significance of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as a risk factor for DVT. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Sudanese individuals carrying the mutated allele rs867186 polymorphism were at risk to develop DVT, while the mutated allele of rs9574 polymorphism is not a risk factor for DVT in Sudanese individuals.
Relation between the Level of Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor and the Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Sudanese
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015-12-31) Ahmed Kamal Bolad, Hytham Ahmed Abuagla; Awad Omer Ahmed, Khalid Mohamed Adam
Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may lead to serious complication; the pulmonary embolism; one of the most serious conditions that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. sEPCR circulates in the plasma and has high affinity to bind protein C and activated protein C (APC). This binding interferes with the anticoagulant function of APC and results in increased risk for DVT. The aim of this study is to explore the role of sEPCR as a risk factor for DVT in Sudanese individuals. Methods: A total of 100 Sudanese DVT patients and 100 apparently healthy individuals were recruited for this study. EDTA-anticoagulated venous blood samples were collected from all participants. Plasma sEPCR levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). All results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The plasma level of sEPCR was higher in DVT group than in healthy individuals, while male patients showed higher level when compared to females. Age correlates positively with sEPCR, whilst BMI and ethnicity showed no effect on the level of sEPCR. Individuals in the top quartiles of showed to increased risk of DVT when compared to those in the lower quartile. Conclusion: It can be concluded that elevated sEPCR level increases the risk to develop DVT in Sudanese. The level of the soluble receptor is influenced by the gender of individual more than by his/her ethnicity or body mass index. Results are also indicative of a much higher risk in those with sEPCR level more than 120 ng/ml when compared to those with lower levels.